LIBRARY OP CONGRESS. 



V 



UNITED STATES OP AMERICA.! 



THE 



RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE 



By a. H. AVESTON 



^VITH ILLXISTRA-TION^S 



'>/^* 




, <:>. 18T9. ^o^ 



NEW YORK 
HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS 

FRANKLIN SQUARE 
1879 

If 






Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1879, by 

HARPER & BROTHERS, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



PEE FACE. 



This work is intended to supply a long-needed 
and nniversally recognized want, and is placed be- 
fore the public as the fruits of many years' experi- 
ence, careful watching, and study, and of a belief 
in the practical obtainment of the requisite knowl- 
edge. 

The author has endeavored to set forth in sim- 
ple language, and as concisely as possible, plain 
facts and definite instructions for the organization 
of a Rifle Club or Association ; the establishment 
of an open-air Rifle Range ; the duties of the dif- 
ferent officers, committees, etc. ; and the complete 
method of successfully conducting matches and 
managing the affairs of the organization. 

Information upon the subjects treated of in 
these pages has heretofore been almost wholly 
unobtainable. Rifle-shooting, upon a united plan, 
being still in ks infancy in this country, as a con- 
sequence but a very limited number possess ex- 



{y PREFACE. 

perience sufficient to instruct others. It is there- 
fore confidently believed that the issue of this 
volume cannot fail to be productive of results 
beneficial to the cause. 

From beginning to end the reader will notice 
this to be a continuous storj, while the several 
"headings" and the "Table of Contents" will 
prove ready references to any particularly desired 
portion. 

An advisory strain has been used only in mat- 
ters of detail and general execution connected with 
management, the reader being left to his own judg- 
ment to decide upon the relative merits of the prod- 
ucts of manufacturers, originators, or inventors. 

It now only remains to be seen whether, by the 
publication and circulation of this book, the ob- 
jective desires of its author will be gratified by 
the establishment of Kifle Clubs and Associations 
throughout the country — a realization of which 
will justify him in saying of the good to be 

accomplished, Probatum est 

A. H. W. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Page 

The Rifle Club 11 

First Steps towards Org-anization 12 

Committee on Constitution and By-laws 13 

Incorporation 14 

Blank Form of By-laws 16 

Blank Certificate of Incorporation 24 

The Rifle Range 26 

Suitable Ground 28 

Fence to Stop Bullets 30 

Targets 33 

Iron (Creedmoor) 34 

" ("Running Deer") 45 

Stone 49 

Wood 49 

" ("Man") 50 

Sheet-iron 51 

Tin 51 

Paper 51 

Canvas 52 

" (Wimbledon) 53 

" (Brunei's) 57 

" (Sanford's) 60 

" (Double) 65 

" (Swinging) 65 

" (Jewell's) 68 

" (Revolving) 73 

" (the "Possible") 76 

Targets Reduced 82 

Marking and Spotting Disks 84 

Paper Patches 85 

Danger Signals 85 

Trigger-testers 86 



Vi CONTENTS. 

Page 

Wind-indicators 86 

Scoring-boards 90 

Programme of Prize Meeting , 91 

Form of Entry Blank 95 

Estimated Expenses of Meeting 97 

Estimated Receipts of Meeting 98 

Prizes, Hints as to Obtaining 99 

Secretary's Department 101 

Competitor's Number 102 

Team Number 103 

Individual Entry Slieet , 103 

Team Entry Slieet 104 

Executive Department 106 

Target Assignment (Blank) 107 

System of Assigning 108 

Target AssignmentJFilled Up) 110 

Statistical Department Ill 

Financial Department 112 

Pool and Bull's-eye Tickets .• 113 

Range Officers 114 

Committees 114 

Prize Committee 115 

Range Committee 115 

Conduct of Simple Matches 116 

General Instructions for Score-keepers 118 

General Instructions for Markers 119 

Regulations of the N. R. A 120 

Extract from By-laws of the N. R. A 133 

Forms of Score Tickets 135 

Domestic Rifle Clubs and Associations 145 

Foreign Rifle Clubs and Associations 153 

Rifle Record — Scores in Europe and America 155 

Ireland versus America, 1874 and 1875 155 

Canada versus the United States, 1875 156 

Centennial Trophy— First Match 156 

Ireland versus America, 1876 158 

Centennial Trophy— Second Match 159 

Canada versus the United States, 1877 , 159 

Centennial Tropliy— Third Match 160 

International Military Match 160 

Inter-state Military Matches 162 

Inter-state Long-iange Matches 164 



CONTENTS. vii 

Page 

'' Leech Cup " Matches 165 

" Wimbledon Cup" Matches 166 

"Champion's" Matches 166 

Military Championship of the United States 167 

" Judd" Matches .169 

"Short-range" Matches 169 

" Short-range Team " Matches 170 

"Time" Matches 173 

" Tramp " Match 172 

" Soldier's " Match 173 

Aggregate Prizes and Winners 174 

" Elcho Challenge Shield " Matches 176 

" The Queen's Prize " Matches 178 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Diagrams of N. R. A. Targets Faces page 11 

Wimbledon Rifle Range (Plan) 29 

Bullet-proof Fence 30 

Creedmoor Rifle Range (Plan) 35 

Embankment, Targets, and Butts at Creedmoor 37 

Creedmoor Target and Butt (Section) 38 

" " (Front View) 40 

" (Plan) 43 

Running Deer, Fence, etc 47 

" " Target 48 

" Man " or " Time " Target 50 

Wimbledon Target and Butt (Section) 54 

*' (Front View) 55 

Brunei's Target (Section) 58 

(Front View) 59 

Sanford's Target (Section) 63 

" (Front View) 63 

Swinging Targets (Front View) . 67 

Jewell's' Target (Front View) 69 

" " (Attachment) , 71 

" " (Attachment) 73 

Revolving Targets (Section) 74 

" (Front View) 75 

The "Possible " Target (Section) 78 

" (Front View) 80 

Brinton Rifle Range (Plan) 83 

Marking-disks 84 

Dial Wind-indicator 87 

Walnut Hill Range (Plan) 89 

The American Centennial Trophy "Palma" 157 

The " Hilton Trophy," International Military Prize 161 

The " Soldier of Marathon," Inter-state Military Prize 163 

The " Military Championship of the United States " Medal ... 168 



DIAGEAM OF TARGETS 
m USE UPON THE RANGE AT CREEDMOOR,L.L 

Adopted by tue National Rifle Association of Ameiuoa, 18T5. 



FIRST-CLASS TARGET, 6 X 12 FEET. 

All distances over 600 yards. 




Bull's-eye, circular, 36 inches in diameter. 
Centre, " 54 " " 

Inner, sqnare, 6 feet x 6 feet. 
Onter, remainder of Target. 



SECOND-CLASS TARGET, 
6X6 FEET. 

All distances over 300, to, and includ- 
ing, 600 yards. 



THIRD-CLASS TARGET, 
4x6 FEET. 

All distnnces np to and in- 
cluding 300 vards. 





Bull's-eye, circular, 22 in. in diam. 
Centre, " 38 " " 

Inner, " 54 " " 

Outer, remainder of target. 



BuU'ti-eye, circular, 8 in. in diam. 
Centre, " 20 " " 

Inner, " 46 " " 

Outer, remainder of target. 



THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



THE EIFLE CLUB. 

In every city, town, and village of these United 
States are to be found some who, either from a 
previous "taste" or from having read accounts of 
matches and tournaments elsewhere, have formed 
an undeveloped desire and ambition to handle a 
rifle before a target wdth other competitors. A 
few of these may have used a shot-gun, and by re- 
turning proudly home with a fall bag of game 
have proved their skill in this direction. Others 
may be the happy possessors of rifles that they 
have rarely, if ever, flred ; and others, again, may 
wish to have a rifle and to shoot with it, but are 
deterred from obtaining one by a knowledge of its 
uselessness without a range whereon to practise. 
To such, and in fact to all interested, a careful pe- 
rusal of the following instructions and suggestions 
is recommended. 

A rifle is a comparative "Crusoe's boat" witli* 
out a place whereat to test it ; and it is with a view 



12 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

to 60 clearly pointing out the manner of forming 
a Rifle Organization and establishing a Rifle Range 
that any few united and earnest persons can suc- 
cessfully do both that this work has been written. 
Every new project or enterprise must have an 
originator, one to call attention to the proposed 
scheme and obtain supporters. Should this book 
fall into the hands of any one wishing to see the 
establishment of a Rifle Club or Association, to 
him I would say, You yourself take the initia- 
tory steps, and give the project and enterprise a 
start, commencing in the following manner : 

FIEST STEPS. 

Call a meeting of as many eligible friends and 
acquaintances as will respond for a certain day or 
evening, at a certain hour, at your own house, or 
at Mr. A 's house, or elsewhere. 

State beforehand the object of the call, and try 
and obtain a friend, or friends, to co-operate with 
you. When all are assembled, rise and explain the 
objects of the meeting, and ask for support. Show 
them a copy of this little book, and move for the 
appointment of a chairman and secretary ^^6> tern. 
You yourself nominate, as temporary chairman, 
some one whom you believe will favor and " push " 
the cause. Having organized your meeting, move 



FIRST STEPS. 13 

the appointment of a committee of three (this 
number is enough) on Constitution and By-laws. 
If you are a '' talker," talk to the meeting of rifle- 
shooting ; tell them how, for many years, we 
Americans have boasted of our prowess with the 
rifle; of how it is the "national w^eapon;" of the 
historical feats of marksmanship performed by our 
forefathers during the Revolutionary wars ; of our 
typical American hunters with their deadly rifles 
and imerring aim ; of our citizen soldiers, upon 
whom the country relies for protection, etc. ; and 
if you cannot move them with these arguments, if 
they are not in the humor to be "revived" by pa- 
triotic emotions, tell them of the pleasure and 
sport of rifle-shooting — how healthful, exhilarat- 
ing, and recreative it is ; how it conduces to a moral 
and prudent living ; how it is elevating to a degree, 
requiring, as it does, an abstemious and careful liv- 
ing. Use these arguments, and combine with them 
any others of your own that may suggest them- 
selves, and the chances are largely in favor of your 
wishes becoming gratified, and your Rifle Associa- 
tion being established even while the organization 
is but an embryo. 

We will now suppose our committee of three on 
Constitution and By-laws to have been appointed, 
with instructions to report at the next meeting, 



14 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

to be held at Mr. B 's house one week from 

to-night. 

The first thing for this committee to do shonld 
be to appoint a time and place to meet again in, 
saj, two days from the present time, each individ- 
ual member of the committee, in the meantime, 
exerting himself to obtain a copy of the By-laws 
of one or more associations or clubs organized in 
your state, and, if possible, consulting with some 
lawyer (as laws of the various states, of course, dif- 
fer) as to the proper steps to take to become a reg- 
ularly and legally constituted body. 

When the committee meet, let them compare 
notes, and draw up a set of By-laws consistent with 
the objects and aims, bearing in mind the neces- 
sity of acclimatizing, as it were, the duties and 
laws to harmonize with the peculiarities or require- 
ments of your local surroundings. To enable an 
association or club so formed to hold property, it is 
necessary that the same be legally incorj)orated. 
This can be done in New York State by filing a 
certificate in the offices of the Secretar}- of State 
and County Clerk, stating the name and object of 
the Association or Club, the number of its direct- 
ors, and the names of those who shall manage its 
affairs for the first year, which should be signed 
and acknowledged by all of the directors them- 



FIRST STEPS. 15 

selves. This certificate must also be approved, be- 
fore filing, b}^ a judge of the Supreme Court. 

When an association or club is thus incorpo- 
rated under the State Act provided for such cases, 
its members are not liable for any debts; and the 
liability of the directors is limited to debts paya- 
ble within the year, or, in other words, to cash pur- 
chases. It is undesirable to have many meetings 
of the Association or Club ; therefore a Board of 
Directors should have all powder of management, 
and be elected annually. 

The machinery for admission to membership 
should be as simple as possible. Complication of 
all kinds should be guarded against. In a word, 
try and think of everything necessary. Try to 
omit nothing in the By-laws that should be pro- 
vided for. Amendments are always troublesome, 
and are generally the result of a too hasty adop- 
tion of the original. 

The follow^ing blank form of By-laws has been 
compiled partly from the By-law^s of the National 
Rifle Association of America, partly from the By- 
laws of other associations and clubs, and is partly 
original. It will, it is believed, cover nearly all 
points necessary, and prove a good and sound basis 
upon which to build a young and enterprising 
Rifle Organization. It has been prepared to ad- 



16 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

mit and cover military practice and support ; but 
wliere an association is to be formed merely for 
amusement, the wording can be changed to con- 
form to the object. 

The word "Association" has been used in the 
following form, but " Club " can, of course, be 
substituted if desired. 

BY-LAWS OF THE 

NAME. 

I. This Association shall be called the . 

OBJECT. 

II. Its object shall be the encouragement of Rifle Practice 
among • throughout , 

MANAGEMENT. 

III. A Board of Directors, elected annually by the Association 

at its annual meeting, and consisting of members, shall have 

general control of its affairs, take cognizance of all infractions of 
the By-laws, and fill vacancies in its own body until the time of 
the next annual meeting. The Board of Directors shall, from 
time to time, make such rules and regulations, not inconsistent 
with these By-laws, as it may consider necessary. 

The Directors named in the Certificate of Incorporation shall be 
deemed to have been elected, and shall divide themselves by lot 

into three classes of members each. The first class shall 

hold oflSce until the day of 18 — .* The second class 

* Three years from date of first annual meeting of the Associa- 
tion. 



BY-LA WS. 17 

shall hold office until the day of , 18 — ; * and the third 

class shall hold office until the day of , 18 — ;t and 

thereafter, at each annual election, to be held on the 

in of each year, there shall be elected by and from the life 

members of this Association directors, to hold office three 

years, to supply the places of the class retiring, and for such addi- 
tional number as may be necessary to fill vacancies to hold office 
during the remainder of the terras of the members whose places 
they fill. 

QUORUM. 

IV. A quorum of the Board of Directors shall consist of • 

members. 

OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES. 

V. The officers of the Association shall consist of a President, 
Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer, who shall be elected an- 
nually, and of an Executive Officer, who shall be elected quarterly 
(or semi-annually) by the Board of Directors. 

VI. The first three of the following standing committees shall 
be appointed by the President during the montli of January in 
each year : 

1st. Finance Committee, •\ 

2d. Range Committee, >• Each to consist of three members. 
3d. Prize Committee, ) 

4th. The Executive Committee to consist of the officers of the 
Association and three directors elected annually by the Board. 

DUTIES OF OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES. 

VII. 1. The President, or, in his absence, the Vice-President, 
shall preside at all meetings of the Association, the Board of Di- 

* Two years from date of first annual meeting of the Associa- 
tion. 

t One year from date of first annual meeting of the Association. 

2 



18 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

rectors, and the Executive Committee; and shall perform such 
other duties as generally devolve upon presiding officers. 

2. The Secretary of the Association shall notify each member 
of the Board of Directors of all its meetings, and each member 
of the Association of every meeting of the Association ; issue all 
other authorized notices to members ; make and keep a true rec- 
ord of all meetings of the Association, the Directors, and the Ex- 
ecutive Committee ; have custody of the books and papers and the 
corporate seal of the Association; conduct all correspondence; and 
make a monthly report to the Board of Directors, and an annual 
report to the Association. 

3. The Treasurer shall collect and have charge of the funds of 
the Association, and pay such bills as have been audited by the Fi- 
nance Committee and passed for payment by the Board of Direc- 
tors. He shall keep accounts of all his transactions, and make a 
detailed report thereof, with vouchers annexed, at each regular 
meeting of the directors, and an annual report to the Association 
at its annual meeting. He shall give bonds in such sum as shall 
be fixed by the Directors. 

4. The Finance Committee shall have general supervision of the 
finances of the Association. They shall from lime to time exam- 
ine the accounts of the Treasurer, and keep themselves informed 
of tlie financial condition of the Association. To this committee 
shall be referred the Treasurer's reports, and all questions and 
propositions relating to finances ; and no obligations of the Asso- 
ciation beyond those necessary for current wants shall be made 
until the Finance Committee l)ave considered and reported upon 
the necessity and propriety of the plan proposed. They shall like- 
wise audit all just claims against the Association before the same 
can be acted upon by the Board. 

5. The Executive Committee may be convened upon call by the 
President or Vice-President, or upon the demand of any member. 

AH the powers and duties of the Board of Directors not heieiii 



BY-LA IVS. 19 

delegated to the officers or to other committees shall be exercised 
and discharged during the recess of the Board by this committee. 

Fom- members shall constitute a quorum. The minutes of 
their proceedings shall be recorded in a book kept for the pur- 
pose, and shall be reported to the Board of Directors for ratifi- 
cation after having been previously approved by the committee. 

All the acts of the Executive Committee shall be binding upon 
the Association until disapproved by the Board of Directors at a 
regular meeting. 

6. The Range Committee shall have charge of the grounds and 
all property of the Association upon the Range, and shall recom- 
mend to the Board of Directors such changes and improvements as 
in their judgment are necessary or desirable. They shall prescribe 
the duties and direct and regulate the services of all persons em- 
ployed on the Range, and shall keep it supplied with all necessary 
articles. They shall certify to the correctness of all claims and 
bills against the Association for supplies used upon the Range, and 
sign all contracts ; and no such bills, claims, or contracts shall be 
paid until so certified or signed. But this committee shall have 
no power to make contracts or purchases in the name of the Asso- 
ciation for anything more than the usual supplies, unless the same 
be authorized and ordered by a formal vote of the Board of Di- 
rectors. 

They shall make quarterly returns of the property upon the 
Range, which returns shall show : 

1st. The amount of property on hand Inst return. 

2d. The amount received during the month. 

8d. The amount to be accounted for. 

4th. The amount expended. 

5th. The amount sold. 

6th. The amount lost or destroyed. 

7th. The amount remaining on hand. 

8th. The condition of such property. 



20 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

Such returns shall be presented regularly to the Board of Di- 
rectors for examination and filing. They shall make such tem- 
porary rules and regulations for the use of the ground and the 
targets as shall seem necessary to insure the most privileges to the 
greatest number. They shall see that contracts for work to be 
done and materials to be furnished, and agreements for rents and 
privileges at the Range, are faithfully executed, and generally do 
and perform everything needful to protect the interests of the As- 
sociation and secure a successful management of the Range. 

In ease of any violation of the rules of the Range, the Range 
Committee shall have power to suspend the offender from the priv- 
ileges thereof until the action of the Board of Directors. The 
committee shall report all such suspensions at the next meeting 
of the Board in writing, with the reasons for their action. 

7. The Prize Committee shall select, procure, and assign the 
prizes obtained or offered by the Association. 

MEETINGS. 

VIII. The members of the Association shall hold an annual 
meeting on the of in each year, and such special meet- 
ings as may be called pursuant to these By-laws. If the annual 
meeting shall not take place at the time fixed, it shall be held as 
soon after as convenient, and the officers and directors whose terms 
of office have expired shall hold over until their successors are 
chosen. 

It shall be the duty of the President, or, in his absence, of the 
Vice-President, to call a meeting of the Association on receiving 

a requisition signed by members or directors. In the 

notice calling any special meeting, the particular subjects to be con- 
sidered shall be specified, and no other business shall be transacted 
at such meeting but that specified in the notice. 

members present at a general or special meeting shall con- 
stitute a quorum for the transaction of business. 



BY-LA WS. 21 

At no meeting of the Association shall any subject be intro- 
duced or discussed which does not relate directly to its affairs. 

The regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held 

on the of each month. Special meetings may be called 

at any time by the President, or, in his absence, by the Vice- 
President, and shall be called by either of tliem upon the request 
of members. 

Upon the appearance of a quorum at the time appointed for any 
regular meeting of the Association or Board, the President, or, in 
his absence, the Vice-President — or if neither be present, a member 
selected to preside — shall call the meeting to order and proceed in 
the following 

ORDER OF BUSINESS. 

1. Calling the roll. 

2. Reading minutes of previous meetings not passed upon. 

3. lieports from the Secretary, Treasurer, Finance, Range, and 
Prize committees and select committees. 

4. Unfinished business. 

5. New business. 

Neglect on the part of any Director to attend six successive 
meetings of the Board shall be deemed a tender of his resignation 
of office. But the Board may excuse any member for such neg- 
lect; and before his resignation is accepted under this By-law, the 
member in default must be specially notified of the same. 

INSPECTION OF RECORDS AND ACCOUNTS. 

IX. Any Director, or any member of the Association, may at 
any time examine the records of the Secretary, and inspect the 
accounts of the Treasurer. 

MEMBERSHIP. 

X. Any person giving his name, age, address, and the name of 
the military organization (if any) with which he is connected, 



22 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

sliall, upon paying the sum of dollars, become a member of 

the Association for that year, subject to the right of tlie Board of 
Directors to reject his name and return his dues, iu case the 
Board shall deem it required by the interests of the Association, 

Any person -may become a member for life upon payment, in one 

sum, of dollars, and upon being duly elected by the Board of 

Directors. 

Kegiments, companies, troops, and batteries of the regular Army, 
Navy, uniformed militia, or National Guard of any state, shall be 
entitled to constitute all their regular members in good standing 
members of this Association, on the payment of one half the an- 
nual dues for the current year for each member present at the last 
annual inspection, 

SIGHTS AND DUTIES OF MEMBERS. 

XI. No member shall be allowed to transfer his rights of mem- 
bership. 

All members shall be entitled to equal rights and privileges upon 
the Range, 

Life members only shall be entitled to vote at any meeting of 
the Association, 

Any member who shall have violated any of the rules of the 
Range, or whose conduct shall be pronounced by vote of the Board 
of Directors to have endangered, or be likely to endanger, the 
welfare, interest, or character of the Association, shall forfeit his 
membership. Such vote shall not be taken without giving two 
weeks' notice to the offender of the charges made against him, and 
affording him an opportunity of being heard in his defence. No 
person so removed shall be eligible for membership unless his dis- 
ability be removed by vote of the Board. 

No member shall take any property whatsoever belonging to the 
Association from its rooms or grounds, except on the authority 
of a resolution of the Board of Directors or Executive Committee. 



BY-LAWS. 23 

No Director shall receive any profit, salary, or emolument from 
the fnnds of the Association, on any pretence, or in any manner 
whatsoever. 

No member shall give any gratuity to any servant of the Asso- 
ciation. 

All rights and interests of a member in the property and privi- 
leges of the Association shall cease with the termination of his 
membership. 

THE RIFLE RANGE. 

XII. The Rifle Eange shall be under the immediate direction of 
the Range Committee. 

Members in arrears for dues or fines shall not be entitled to the 
use of the Range. 

No betting shall be allowed on the grounds of the Association, 

AMENDMENT OF THE BY-LAWS. 

XIII. To amend these By-laws, the proposed amendment shall 

be subscribed to by at least members, and by them presented 

to the President, who shall cause such amendment, with the signa- 
tures thereto, to be brought before the Board of Directors at its 
next meeting. In case the Directors, by a majority vote, recom- 
mend its passage, the Secretary shall issue notices enclosing a copy 
of the amendment to all life members of the Association, and a 
vote in favor of the proposed amendment, of two thirds of all the 

life members present at the next annual meeting on the of 

, or at a special meeting to be called for the purpose, shall be 

requisite for its passage. 



The following is the form of Certificate of In- 
corporation used in New York State : 



24 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



BLANK CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION. 

State of New York, ) 
City and County op .) ^^' 

Know nil men by these presents that we, the undersigned, 

———^ __ __^ _^__ __^_ _^^ _— _ - J 

being citizens of the United States and the State of New York, do 
hereby, pursuant to, and in conformity with, an act of the Legis- 
lature of the State of New York entitled "An act for the formation 
of societies or clubs for certain social and recreative purposes," 
passed on the eleventh day of April, eighteen hundred and sixty- 
five, and the various acts of said Legislature amendatory thereof, 
associate ourselves together, and form a body politic and corporate, 
and do hereby certify — 

I. NAMK OR TITLE. 

That the corporate name by which said Society shall be known 
in law shall be . 

II, OBJECT. 

The object for which said Association is formed is the encour- 
agement of Rifle Practice among throughout . 

III. NUMBER OF DIRECTORS. 

That the number of Directors of said Association who shall 
manage the same shall be . 

IV. NAMES OF DIRECTORS. 

That the names of the Directors of said Association who shall 
manage the same for the first year of its existence, are as follows : 

In witness whereof, we have hereunto affixed our names, at the 
City of y this day of , eighteen hundred and . 



INCORPORA TION. 25 

State of New Yokk, |^ 
City and County of .) 

At various times between the day of and the 

day of , A.D. eighteen hundred and , before me per- 
sonally appeared , 

known to me to be the persons described in, and who executed, 
the foregoing certificate, and duly signed the said certificate before 
me, and severally acknowledged that they executed the same for 
the purpose therein mentioned. 

(Seal.) Notary Public, County of . 

I do hereby consent and approve of the incorporation of the 

under the within certificate. 

Dated . 



Justi 



State of New York, 
City and County of 



I, , Clerk of the said City and County, and Clerk of 

the Supreme Court of said State for said County, do certify: 

That I compared the annexed with the original Certificate of In- 
corporation of the on file in my office, and that the same 

is a correct transcript therefrom, and of the whole of such original. 

In witness whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name, and 
affixed my official seal, this day of 18 — . 

(Seal.) Clerk. 



26 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE, 

Statu of New York, \ 

Office of Secretary of State.) 

I have compared the preceding with the original Certificate of 
Incorporation of the , with acknowledgment thereto an- 
nexed, filed in t-his office on the day of , 18 — , and hereby 

certify the same to be a correct transcript therefrom, and of the 
wliole of said original. 

Witness my hand and the seal of office 
of the Secretary of State, at the City of 
Albany, this day of , one thou- 
sand eight hundred and . 

Secretary of State. 

The Committee on Constitution and By-laws 
having made their draft form, present it at the 

next meeting (wliich was at Mr. B 's house, we 

recollect) ; and, after having been read over, and 
the view^s of those present obtained, the motion is 
made, seconded, and carried that the By-laws, as 
submitted and amended (if any amendments), be 
adopted as a whole. The next thing to be done 
is to carry out the laws that have been adopted, 
do what is necessary to secure the incorporation, 
and then this first great stride towards the estab- 
lishment of a Rifle Association is complete. 

THE RIFLE RANGE. 

As soon as the Association or Club is incorpo- 
rated and has adopted its By-laws, the first ques- 



THE RIFLE RANGE. 27 

tion to arise will be the securing of a suitable 
Eange, and to provide funds for its equipment. 
The main expense besides the land will be for tar- 
gets. As in the infancy of the Association the 
ground may not be used all the time, it might be 
better and easier to lease it than to purchase it 
(unless, indeed, a good chance offered, and finances 
w^ould permit of the latter). Daring the winter 
season, in addition to collecting funds, the influ- 
ence of the Association or Club should be exerted 
to induce the l^ational Guard, or troops in the 
State or vicinity, to practise aiming, drill, and gal- 
lery-shooting, as being most important steps tow- 
ards the attainment of proficiency in marksman- 
ship. If this is entered upon systematically, by the 
time weather will permit of practice in the open 
air a reasonable degree of proficiency will have 
been obtained, an interest taken in the subject, 
and the Association and its objects placed before 
the public more satisfactority and creditably than 
could have been done by any other means. The 
tuition thus received will not only make the shoot- 
ing better than it could possibly otherwise have 
been, and so give encouragement, but the arrange- 
ments for and conduct of matches can be more 
easily carried out upon the Range than if the com- 
petitors had had no previous experience. 



28 THE RIFLE CLUB AND lUNGE. 

The matter of obtaining aid from your State 
cannot be elaborated here, but will be best appre- 
ciated by those having the interests of rifle-shoot- 
ing and of their own Association at heart. 

There are at the time of writing thirty -two rifle 
ranges in the State of I^ew York receiving ofli- 
cial recognition and aid from the State author- 
ities. 

The first point — and a most essential one — to be 
considered in locating an open-air Range should 
be to seen re ground that runs north and south, or 
nearly so — that is, targets at the north and shooters 
at the south. The reason for this may be briefly 
explained by the fact that in any other direction 
the light will be nnsuited, and shadoios probably 
fall across the targets. 

Another great aim in selecting ground should 
be, if possible, a natural emlanhnent or hill back 
of the targets to stop the bullets. 

At Creedmoor much money was spent in raising 
an artificial embankment of earth, twenty-five feet 
above the level, with a bullet-proof fence ten feet 
high placed on top of that. 

Artificial embankments, or contrivances to stop 
the bullets, can be built of earth, masonry, or a 
bullet-proof fence. The two first are understood ; 
of the latter it may be said that a bullet-proof 



WIMBLEDON RIFLE RANGE. 



29 



I 

P 

CD 

I 




30 



THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



fence is generally made by filling in between plank 
loose stones or sand, sufficiently compact and wide 
to stop the bullets. 

The fence should be made of good two-inch 
plank laid horizontally, and securely nailed to up- 
right beams placed firmly in the ground outside 
of the planking, and half as many feet a^^art as the 
planks are long, the vacuum between the tw^o plank 
walls being filled in with stone or sand. 




Bullet-proof Pence, with end open, showing stone filling. 



BULLET-PROOF FENCE. 31 

The supporting beams may in time be shot away, 
but, being outside, can be readily repaired. They 
should be bound together at the top by iron. The 
plank should be laid with the "joints broken," or 
(for the benefit of those w^ho do not understand 
this term) fastened as bricks are laid. The height 
required, of course, depends upon circumstances. 
The wndth for a fence of moderate height should 
be about two feet at the top and three feet at 
the bottom, and may be braced or guyed with 
wood or wire rope front or back or both. 

Level, dry ground is what is best suited for the 
purposes of a Rifle Range, though shooting can be, 
and is, done on many Ranges where dry and level 
ground is not obtainable, over a valley, marsh, or 
stream. It sometimes becomes necessary to con- 
struct raised firing-points to be on a level with 
the targets. These can be made either by grad- 
ing, or (what is much cheaper) by erecting a wood- 
en platform or scaffold of the required elevation. 
A mound, one or two feet high, should be built in 
front of the targets to catch ricochets. Though 
generally made of earth, asphaltum or a similar 
substance will answer the purpose better, for the 
reason that, by using such a compound, the bullet, 
when it strikes, will either bury itself within the 
mass, or, if it glance off, will do so without scat- 



32 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

tering dirt in every direction, which obscures the 
glass at an iron target, or, in wet weather espe- 
cially, besmears the target itself. Easy and quick 
access between the targets and firing-points should 
also be considered. 

Shade trees along the sides, or at southern end 
of the Range, are desirable. An abundant supply 
of good water must be on the ground ; and if 
not obtainable by any other means, a well must 
be bored. 

Good facilities to reach the Range from your 
city or town by rail or water, and within a reason- 
able time, should also be taken into consideration 
as of the most vital importance. 

For present purposes the Range should not, if 
possible, be less than 650, nor need it be over 
1050, yards in length. This will allow of extreme 
shooting at 500 in the first and 1000 yards in 
the second place, and all intermediate distances. 
The military rarely shoot at distances over 500 
yards ; while, for one rifleman who can and does 
shoot at extreme distances of 800 yards and over, 
there are one hundred w^ho shoot only at the 
shorter ranges. By this it is not intended to im- 
ply that long-range shooting should be discouraged, 
but simply that for a youthful and inexperienced 
association the undisputed and time-honored fact 



MATERIALS OF TARGETS. 33 

should be borne in mind that to "reach the top 
of the ladder, we must commence to climb at the 
bottom." The system and probable number of 
targets to be adopted and erected must also be 
thought of, as upon these depends very largely 
the necessary width of the Range. 

Without going into details of the purchase or 
lease and subsequent laying = out of ground (in 
which matters the services of a lawyer and prac- 
tical surveyor or civil engineer should be respec- 
tively obtained), we will go on and see some of 
the different targets in use at the present time. 
Targets have been made of iron, canvas, wood, 
sheet-iron, stone, paper, etc., and each has its sup- 
porters. At Creed moor the iron targets have al- 
ways been used, and have given the most general 
satisfaction, despite sundry experiments with can- 
vas and stone. Those first erected were imported 
from England, but our American manufacturers 
have now succeeded in fully equalling those of 
foreign make. It has always been desirable to 
keep all firing-points on the same line, instead of 
moving competitors back to increase the distance. 
This at Creedmoor, with the iron targets as they 
at present stand, is impracticable. Consequently, 
with the targets all on one line, the shooters are 
compelled to move forward or backward to lessen 
3 



34 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

or increase the distance between targets and firing- 
points. While not offering any positive advice, or 
going very elaborately into details (which, if de- 
sired, can probably be obtained by corresponding 
wath the inventors or manufacturers), the follow- 
ing diagrams are inserted showing the plain me- 
chanical working, and giving general ideas of con- 
struction of the various plans and designs, com- 
mencing with the 

TARGETS AT CEEEDMOOE. 

These are made of chilled-faced cast-iron slabs, 
each 2 feet by 6 feet, and IJ inches thick, ribbed 
on the back to keep them from warping. Stand- 
ing two slabs together, we have the size of a third- 
class target, which only requires painting to make 
it ready for use. Three slabs form a second-class 
and six slabs a first-class target. Each slab weighs 
about 650 lbs., and usually requires four men to 
handle it. They are painted white on the face with a 
whitewash brush, a mixture of lime, water, and salt 
being used for the purpose. A pair of wooden com- 
passes are then made use of to mark the circular 
bull's-eye, "centre," and "inner" divisions, after 
which the lines so traced are painted over with a 
mixture of lampblack and water or stale beer, a 
small brush being used for this purpose. The 



CREEDMOOR RIFLE RANGE. 



35 




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'■■s^fT^Pi Office 



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36 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

circle lines of the centre and inner divisions are 
striped about one quarter of an inch in width, 
and, if painted with coach -black and turpentine, 
will not so readily be erased in wet weather. The 
same white and black mixtures are used with the 
marking-disks for painting out shots on the tar- 
gets. 

At the determined point, so many hundred yards 
from the proposed firing-point, a pit or trench is 
dug, extending continuously along the line of as 
many targets as are to be erected ; and when com- 
pleted, the marker stands in this pit watching 
through a glass window the target above and in 
front of him. 

Plate 1, on opposite page, gives a general idea, 
and shows a perspective view of the targets and 
butts (as much as can be seen of them from the 
outside), and plates 2, 3, and 4, on following pages, 
show scaled sections and plans. 



EMBANKMENT, TARGETS, ETC., AT CREEDMOOR. 37 



I*LA.TE 1. 



General View of Embankment Fence, Targets, and Butts at 
Oreedmoor, showing Entrance to Butts at one End. 




38 



THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



FLATE S. 



Section of Butt as built at Oreedmoor, with Trap Closed. 




& 6 7 8 



SECTION OF BUTT AT CREEDMOOR. 39 



Explanation of Plate 2. 

A, the iron target, 6 feet high. 

B, iron brace of target (two braces to each slab) resting on 

C, a piece of timber. 

D, wooden sleeper upon which target rests, 8 by 8 inches thick 

and 6 feet long, for second- and third-class targets, and 12 
feet long for first-class targets. 

E, angle iron, i inch thick, to protect woodwork from bullets. 

F, wood, 5 inches high, 2\ inches thick, on which trap is hinged. 

G, the iron trap, down. 

H, the glass window; plate-glass, 12 by 24 .inches, i inch thick. 

I I, framework (wood) of window. 

J, roof of butt, H-inch plank, laid north and south. 

K K, roof of butt, 2-inch plank, laid east and west. 

L, south side or wall of butt, 2-inch plank, laid east and west. 

M, north side or wall of butt, 2-inch plank, laid east and west. 

O, wood on which trap-lever works. 

P, trap — rod iron. 

Q, marker's seat. 

R, raised platform under each target ; plank laid east and west. 

S, plank or beam supporting platform. 

T, floor of butt ; plank laid east and west. 

U, drain dug out; 1, 2, 3, and 4, racks for marking-disks. 



40 



THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



PLATE 3. 

Pront View of Target and Butt as used at Oreedmoor. 




TARGET AND BUTT AT CREEDMOOR. 41 



Explanation of Plate 3. 

A, the iron target. 

B B, wooden sleeper upon which target rests. 
C C, angle iron protecting wooden sleeper. 
D D, wood on which trap hinges. 

E, the iron trap raised and open. 

F, the sheet-iron trap-disk raised, painted red. 

G, iron trap-rod, 

H, handle of trap-lever. 

I, pivot on which trap-lever works. 

J, wood supporting trap-lever and pivot. 

K, roof of butt ; planks laid north and south. 

L, inside roof of butt ; planks laid east and west. 

M M, stanchions supporting roof strengthening the walls of butt, 

and on which are placed racks for the marking-disks. 
O, raised platform under each target. 
P, planks or beams supporting platform. 
Q, floor of butt. 
R, drain dug out under butt. 
S, white and hlack paint-pans for marking disks. 



4:2 



THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



I>LA-TE 4. 



Plan of Butt with Iron Target as Used at Oreedmoor. 




TARGET AND BUTT AT CREEDMOOR. 43 



Explanation of Plate 4. 

A, the iron target. 

B B, woodwork upon which the trap hinges. 
C C, wooden sleeper supporting target. 
D D, angle iron protecting wooden sleeper. 
E E, iron braces, holding target. 

F, timber upon which braces rest. 

G, iron trap, closed. 

H, sheet-iron trap-disk, down. 

I, plate-glass window. 

J, framework of window. 

K, roof of butt. 

L, ground level with roof. 



44 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

The really indispensable equipments upon a 
range with the above s)"stem of targets may be 
enumerated as follows : For each target four mark- 
ing-disks, one danger-signal or flag, two paint-pans ; 
and in the butts a supply of black and white paint, 
water in pails, compasses, brushes, some rags or 
paper to clean off the glass window if it should 
become obscured, etc. 

At the firing -points as many danger -flags as 
there are targets; camp-stools or chairs; bugle, 
whistle, or other signal to call attention of markers ; 
water-pails and tin-dippers ; 3-lb. and 6-lb. trigger- 
testers ; and at least one tent or shelter for statis- 
tical, financial, and other work, bulletin-board, etc. 
Additions to the above can, of course, be made in 
time. 

The different firing-points (if not on one line) 
may be best designated by driving into the ground 
short stakes, about a foot high, painted white, each 
one in a direct line opposite its target, and bearing 
a painted number to correspond with the number 
thereof. A row of these stakes at, say, 200, 300, 
400, and 500 yards will show the firing-points at 
those distances very plainly; and if a competitor 
is assigned to shoot at a certain target at a certain 
distance, he can, thus guided, readily proceed to 
the point designated. 



''RUNNING-DEER'' TARGET. 45 

A telephone, if obtainable, will be found very 
useful for purposes of communication between the 
firing-points and targets. 

In addition to the regular targets at Creedmoor, 
there is likewise upon that range a "Kunning- 
Deer" Target, which affords much amusement for 
those sportively inclined, though, besides being a 
source of amusement, shooting at a moving object 
is really of considerable importance in developing 
in marksmen quickness of aim and promptness of 
action. Magazine guns are specially adapted for 
this class of shooting, as high as six or seven shots 
having been fired while the ''deer" is running 
within the boundary lines a distance of seventy- 
five feet. In matches at the Running Deer, " any 
rifle — but sights to be over the centre of the bar- 
rel" — is generally allowed, the target being one 
hundred yards distant. The figure of a "Running 
Man," or, in fact, any other design that may be 
wished, can of course be substituted for the "deer." 
The figure is made of two thicknesses of iron (of 
similar manufacture to the target slabs), riveted to- 
gether and working on a central pivot, which is 
held or carried by an iron-bound framework truck, 
running upon four wheels — grooved like the 
wheels of a common car — and running in turn 
upon steel or iron rails, partly by force of gravita- 



46 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

tion and partly by an impetus given it at the start 
on the down grade. After running down and up 
the inclined plane, the marker at the opposite side 
paints out with a brush the shot -mark (if a hit); 
signals with his disk, on the ^' dummy" painted on 
the wall, its location and value; turns the deer 
round on its pivot, so that it will not run back- 
wards, and is ready, upon hearing the signal, to 
give it the required push sending it to the other 
side. Marking at this target is done with two small 
disks painted on each side respectively white, red, 
black, and hlack cross on white hacJcgroimd. The 
first denotes a bull's-eye, counting 4 ; the second, a 
centre, counting 3 ; the third, an outer, counting 2 ; 
and the fourth, a " haunch," or hit on some part 
of the figure outside the outer line, counting 0, 
but being punishable by a fine of ten cents, which 
fine, together with fines of a similar amount for 
firing when the deer is out of bounds, or for not 
firing at all while it runs, are collected before an- 
other shot is fired. 

It is here suggested that the signal for a " haunch 
shot" be a red cross on a white background, in- 
stead of a hlacJc cross, as used at Creedmoor. The 
latter, being the same signal as the "inner" at 
other targets, often causes confusion in scoring. 

The divisions on the target are scaled as follows : 



''RUNNING-DEER'' TARGET. 47 

Bull's-eye, circular, 8 inches in diameter. 
Centre, " 22 " " " 

Outer, any part of deer outside centre line within line dividing the 
haunch. 

The following diagrams illustrate the construc- 
tion and dimensions of the target, fence, and 
wings : 

Eunning-Deer Target. 
(front view.) 




A, bullet-proof fence (plank filled in with stone), 112 feet long, 22 
feet high, 2 feet wide at top, and 3 feet wide at bottom. 

B B, wings, 25 feet long, 22 feet high, same width as main fence, 
and made in same manner. Placed about 3 feet in advance, 
and covering ends of main fence about one foot. 

C C, painted "boundary lines," 75 feet apart, while running be- 
tween which the deer may be shot at. 

D, the " deer " running on the track. 

E E, dummies of the deer painted on main wall, on which marker 
places the disk, showing where the deer itself has been struck. 

F, the track, continuing at dotted lines behind the wings. A wood- 
en platform for the marker's use is also built behind each 
wing, and level with the track at these points. 

G G, steps leading to platforms at back of wings. 



48 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

Eunning-Deer Target. 




A, the "deer." 

B, iron post (one each side) upon which deer hangs on pivot, strong- 

ly fastened to 

C, a round plate of iron working upon 

D, a similar round plate, fastened to the truck by an iron pin pierc- 

ing both plates, and fastened at top and bottom by 
E E, the nuts. 

F F, wooden body of the truck or carriage covered with iron. 
G G, thick iron covering protecting wheels. 
H, the rails. 

Note. — A thick iron protection must also be made covering the 
central pin or pivot and circular plates. By using a small straight 
spring or catch to fit in a cut in upper circular plate, it will pre- 
vent the deer from turning round, except when desired. 



We now pass on to the 



STONE AND WOODEN TARGETS. 49 

STONE TARGETS. 

Bat one of these lias ever been used at Creed- 
moor, and, though it retains its clearness and 
whiteness even in wet weather better than the 
iron target, the bullets chip away the stone, and 
it has been found too unwieldy for general pur- 
poses, requiring the united strength of eight or 
ten men to move it. Another objection to the 
stone target lies in the fact that it is unalter- 
able, i. (3., cannot be changed to any class target 
at will, being one solid block of sandstone. 

WOODEN TARGETS. 

Of these targets but little need be said. They 
are easily made, easily covered with paper, easi- 
ly moved, and — easily shot to* pieces. Therefore, 
though they will answer well enough for a limited 
few to shoot at occasionally, they should not be 
considered permanently in connection with an es- 
tablished Range. As an interesting accessory, how- 
ever, wooden targets may be used to advantage in 
''time" matches or " volley-firing." 

The figure of a man, for instance, may be drawn 
or painted on paper and tacked or pasted on the 
wood, and worked with hinges like a door, condi- 
tions requiring competitors to fire as many shots 

4 



60 



THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



"Man" or "Time" Target. 

C B 




A, the protection behind which the marker stands, and, with a 

string or rod fastened to the bottom of 

B, the target (with figure on it), closes or pushes it open like a door 

working upon hinges fastened to 

C, an upright post driven in tiie ground. 

as tliej please while the figure remains in view 
— for, saj, thirty seconds. 

A bullet-proof fence should be placed at a dis- 
tance from the target towards the firing-point equal 
to its width ; i. e.^ if the target is 3 feet wide, the 



SHEET-IRON AND PAPER TARGETS. 51 

fence should be placed 3 feet from the target and 
on a line with the right or left edge of the target, 
which swings upon iron hinges, as before said, like 
a door. 

The bullet, of course, passes through the paper 
and wood ; and the marker, after pasting a piece 
of paper over the hole, shows with his disk (by 
placing it over the shot-mark) the value of the 
shot — "bull's-eye," "centre," and "inner" being 
divided by circular lines, and "outer" being al- 
lowed for a shot on any other portion of the body. 

SHEET-mON OK TIN TARGETS, 

that is to say, wooden or other frames, covered 
with sheet -iron, tin, or other metal, have been 
made and used, but have been found too expensive, 
and without sufficient durability to have received 
much, if any, favor. 

PAPER TARGETS. 

These, likewise, for steady open-air rifle-shooting 
are comparatively worthless, being likely to tear, 
blow away, or turn into rags in wet weatlier. For 
indoor shooting, however, they are unsui'passed 
when pasted or tacked on wood. 

We have now come to the 



52 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE, 



the greatest rival of the iron. Many upholders 
has the canvas target, who claim for it cheapness, 
durability, safety, and easiness of handling. By 
"canvas" is meant any textile fabric applicable 
to the purpose. 

But two disks are needed for a canvas target, as 
there are no brushes in the back, and they can be 
painted both sides — thus : white on one side, and 
red on the other ; black cross on one side, and black 
on the other, representing respectively the bull's- 
eye, centre, inner, and outer. 

Black and white patches of paper, about three 
inches square or round, for pasting over the bul- 
let-hole made in the black or white portion, are 
used with all canvas targets. 

The canvas is stretched upon a framework, gen- 
erally of iron, triangular in shape, one angle facing 
the shooter, so that if the bullet strikes the iron, 
it will be eut in two, and pass on without " splash." 

Wood, hoop-iron, and cane have also been tried 
for frames, the former of which is still used con- 
siderably. The canvas is usually fastened to an 
iron frame by strings, passing through holes bored 
in the iron, and tied. On a wooden frame it may 
either be tied or tacked. To avoid errors in mark- 



WIMBLEDON TARGET. 53 

ing, it is well to paste paper over the canvas, a bul- 
let passing through which makes more noise than 
in passing through canvas alone, and can hardly 
escape the marker's notice. 

The first to be described is the 

WIIVIBLEDON TAEGET, 

as used upon the Eange of the National Kifle 
Association of Great Britain at Wimbledon. The 
target works in a somewhat similar manner to the 
sashes of a window, the upper sash representing 
the target, and the lower sash a " dummy," or sec- 
ond target, covered with wire, and only used for 
signalling purposes. 

It, however, differs from the principle of a win- 
dow, inasmuch as when the target is pulled down 
the "dummy" goes up simultaneously. 

The following plates, copied from the Annual 
Report of the National Rifle Association of 1875, 
are fac-similes thereof, except that the modern di- 
visions on the target have been substituted for 
those of that year. 



54 



THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



PLATE T'- 

The Wimbledon Target. 




Explanation of Plates 7 and 8. 

A, the target. Frame of iron (one inch thick by two inches deep, the front 

edge sharpened), covered with papered canvas. 

B, the dnmmy, or signalling target. Frame of wood, or of iron same as 

above, covered with board or canvas. Over the face of the dummy is 
stretched a wire net, and to the top a danger-signal is attached. 

C, two chains working over pulleys at D, connected with the side frames 

of the target and dummy; their length regulated like the sash-cord 
of a window, so that when target A is at a suflSciently high point 
above the ground to be seen at the firing-point, B shall be at the bot- 
tom of the trench out of sight. 

E E, sockets attached to sides of targets, working on guide-rods, F F, to 
secure correct vertical motion. 

G, square-linked chain attached to cross-bar of dummy, working under 
and over pulleys H H, over a ratchet-wheel at I, and kept rigid by 
counterweights, K. 

I, Ratchet-wheel with handle, to convey movement to target and dummy 
by means of chain G. When turned to the left, counterweight K is 
raised ; target A, by its excess of weight over the dummy B, descends 
and raises B ; and when turned to the right, B is brought down and 
A hauled up. 

L, danger-signal fixed to an arm working on a centre, and provided with 
a counterbalance. When not required, the counterweight is hooked 
up to wire net on dummy. 



WIMBLEDON TARGET. 



65 



The Wimbledon Target. 

Elevation, showing the appearance of the target from the firing-point. 




BOTTOM OF WELL HOLE 
Scale . . 



2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

SIGNAL Disks 



Bull's Eye Centre Inner Outer Ricochet 

SPOTTING DISK 
Bland's ^^ Patch 



( White on Reverse.) 



56 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

Signal - dishs are suspended from the netting 
over the face of the dummy. Thej are used to 
show the absolute value of hits, and their approxi- 
mate position. A separate disk is provided to show 
bnll's-ejes, centres, inners, outers, and ricochets. 

Each disk has a hook at the back, to admit of 
its being suspended from the wire netting stretched 
over the face of the dummy. 

SjpoUing-disJcs. — A small diamond-shaped piece 
of zinc, painted white on one side and black on 
the other, with hook on each side. 

The hook is placed in the actual shot-hole made, 
and the disk consequently shows the exact position 
of the hit. 

Method of WorJcing. — The target to be fired at 
is alone seen above the ground. The apparatus for 
working, sheltered by a parapet and trench, is out 
of sight, and protected from fire. 

When a shot has struck the target, the marker 
in the trench proceeds as follows : 

1. Unhooks the counterweight of the danger-signal, and thus al- 
lows the red disk to appear in view before the target. 

2. Hooks on to the wire net stretched over the dummy that " sig- 
nal-disk" which indicates the value of the hit, taking care to place 
such disk in as near a relative position as lie can to the hit on the 
target. 

3. Winds the ratchet-wheel in the direction which will lower the 
target A, and therefore raise the dummy B, with its signal-disk. 



OPERATING THE WIMBLEDON TARGET. 57 

- 4. When A is lowered, he phices, in the actual shot-hole made, a 
small zinc spotting-disk, with the white side to the front if the hit 
is on the hiiU's-eye, or the black side to the front if on white part 
of the target. 

N. B. — The above applies to the first hit only. For the second, or 
sniy succeeding hits, when the target is lowered he moves the spot- 
ting-disk into the shot-hole last made, and covers over with patch 
paper the hole that the spotting-disk had previously covered. 

5. Winds the ratchet-wiieel in the direction to lower the dummy 
B, and raise the target A, for the next shot. 

6. Removes the signal-disk from B, and waits for the next hit. 

Tlie above rules as to " spotting-disks " and ^' pa- 
per patches" apply to all systems of canvas tar- 
gets where these articles are used. 

bkunel's target. 
The following plates show the plan of canvas 
target invented by Lieutenant- Colonel Brunei, 
and used by the Dominion of Canada Eifle As- 
sociation at Ottawa. 



68 



THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



Brunei's Target. 
(section.) 



J'iring Points 




FEETO 12 3 4 5 



A, the target raised. 

B, marker's hut. 

C C, handles to move target. 

D, chain connected to the target. 

E, weight attached to other end of chain, balancing the target. 

F, brace. 

G, guide-rod. 



Explanation of Plate 10, 
A, the target raised. 
B B, braces. 
C C, handles to move target. 

D, chain connected to the target. 

E, weight at other end of chain. 
G G, iron guide-rods. 



Brunei's Target. 
(front view, target raised.) 




BOTTOM OF WELL HOLE 



5 6 7 8 FEET 



60 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

The target. A, is worked by the marker grasp- 
ing the handles, C C, and drawing it down the iron 
guide-rods, G G, the counterbalancing weight, E, 
being proportionately drawn np by the process. 
The target then stands before the marker, who 
hangs in the bullet-hole (by means of a hook fast- 
ened at the back) a card-board disk, painted to in- 
dicate its value ; lifts the handles, and raises the 
target to view again. 

These disks will be shot through and through, 
but, when quite worn out, are cheaply replaced. 
At the next hit the marker repeats the process as 
above, taking the disk out of the first hole, patch- 
ing that hole up, hanging a disk in the new hole, 
and again elevating the target. 

The framework of the target is made of iron, 
sharpened at the front like a V, the lower sharp 
point or corner facing the firing-points. 

sanfoed's target. 
Lieutenant - Colonel E. Harrison Sanford, of 
New York, in 187Y, designed a canvas target that 
should possess, in the main, all the principles and 
essentials of the Wimbledon target, but substituted 
for the mechanism of the latter a simpler construc- 
tion, based largely upon the principle of a common 
window with upper and lower sashes, though, in- 



SANFORD'S TARGET. 01 

stead of balancing tlie sashes with separate weights, 
they were made to balance themselves, so that 
when one was pulled down, the other was simul- 
taneously and proportionately raised. 

The framework of this target is made of wood, 
and has two legs, which are secured to the sash by 
being pushed through staples fastened thereon. 

By increasing or diminishing the length of these 
frames, any class target can be erected and changed 
at will by simply building the legs of the frame 
the same distance apart, so as to admit of their 
being passed through the staples and becoming 
an attachment of the sash. The canvas may be 
stretched over and tacked to the frame. Plates 
11 and 12 illustrate the mechanism of the system, 
and show the dummy elevated above the level, 
and the target lowered into the pit. 

The length of the pit must, of course, be suffi- 
cient to admit the target into it with, say, one foot 
margin each side. 

Thus, if only second- and third-class targets are 
to be used, the pit should be about eight feet long 
by six feet wide at top, and seven feet deep. 

A iirst-class target has been used in the diagram 
to show more plainly the manner of working. 



62 



THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE, 



PJLiATE 11. 

Sanford's Target. 
(section.) 




2 345 6 789 10 



[For explanation, see page 64.] 



SANFORD'S TARGET. 



63 



FL^TE IS. 

Sanford's Target. 
(front view of dummy, target, and pit.) 




Bottom of Well Hole 
[For explanation, see page 64.] 



Q4: THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



EXPLA.NATION OF Platks 11 AND 12 (pages 62, 63). 

A, the dummy (covered with wire netting) raised. 

B, the target lowered. 

C, legs of target. 

D, legs of dummy. 

E, staples through which legs of target and dummy respectively 

slide. 

F, framework sash supporting dummy. 

G, framework sash supporting target. 

H, iron guide-rods upon which sash of dummy works up and down 
at staples L L L L. 

M, iron guide-rods (only one rod seen) upon which sash of target 
works similar to that of the dummy. 

I, chains attached by a staple to top of the two sashes, and passing 
over the wheel J. 

K K, wooden posts (to wliich are attached at N tlie guide-rods), 
securely braced togetlier by horizontal timbers at top and bot- 
tom, in front of which the dummy, and hack of which the 
target, passes on being moved up and down. 

, dotted lines on dummy show where framework extends. 

Same on the target. 



DOUBLE TARGETS. 65 

The marking and signalling are done at this 
target in a similar manner to those of the Wim- 
bledon Target, except as to the ricochet, when, 
instead of using a separate disk, the Creedmoor 
rule is observed of waving the red flag, or dan- 
ger-signal, three times in front of the target. 

DOUBLE TARGETS. 

The preceding plan may be changed (perhaps 
advantageously where quick shooting is desired) 
bj substituting in place of the dummy a second 
target, so that when a shot strikes the exposed tar- 
get, the marker, upon locating it, raises the disk 
denoting its value, and, placing it over the hole, 
allows it to remain in view for a few seconds, after 
which he lowers that target (the second one being 
thereupon raised and exposed), patches the bullet- 
hole, and repeats as soon as the other target is 
struck. 

SWINGING TARGETS. 

The following diagrams show a system of canvas 
targets in use upon a Range in ]^ew Jersey. The 
tiring-points are all on one line, the targets being 
erected as many yards distant from the flring- 
points as desired. With this plan a series of " stone 
fences," iron mantlets, or protection for markers, is 

5 



66 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

required, one fence sheltering the markers ot two 
targets. 

This can best be explained by the following il- 
lustration : 





1 

I 
1 


! f 

i 


1 
1 


' 1 
200 Yds..?^ ^ 


... i i 


1 

t- 


XOO Tds. ^ 


A j 


1 i 
i ^ i 

1 1 
1 1 

i 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 

i 
1 


1 i=> 
! A 

1 

1 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

1 


. 


A 


pI-T 
1 ^ 

1 

1 
I 

1 1 

1 
1 

1 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 


io 

1 
1 
1 
1 _ 



Line of Firing Points 

A, the marker's fence or protection. 

B, the targets swung open, or exposed. 

C, the targets closed, or swung in. 



SWINGING TARGETS. 
nPLATE 13. 

Swinging Targets, 

Used upon a Range in New Jersey. 

(As seen from the firiug-poiuts.) 



67 




A A, the targets open, or exposed. 

B, fence or protection behind which markers stand, painted hLick. 

C C, posts to prevent targets from swinging hack too far, strongly 
braced. 

D D, posts upon which targets are hinged. (These posts are as 
many feet back from the fence as the target measures across 
its face; thus, with third-class targets as above, they are a 
little over 4 feet in rear of the fence ; if a second-class target, 
they would be placed 6 feet from the fence, and 12 feet for a 
first-class target.) 

E E shows where a pulley is fasteneu to a post through which an 
endless rope runs. This rope is attached to the lower left 
and right corners of the respective targets ; and the marker, by 
pulling one side of the rope, draios the target to him, or shut, 
and by pulling the other, draws the target from him, or open. 



68 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

The framework of these targets is made of pine- 
wood, 1 inch thick, 3 inches wide, and braced at 
tlie back to prevent the target from sagging. The 
canvas is nailed on this framework, and marking 
is done by pulling in the target, and hanging in 
the bullet-hole a small black or white disk, and, 
upon the target being pushed open again, the 
marker puts forth a disk over the spot struck in- 
dicating its value. At the next shot he closes the 
target again, takes the small disk out of bullet-hole 
previously made, patches that hole, hangs the small 
disk in the new hole, and marks as above. 



Still another canvas target of recent invention 
is that commonly known as "Jewell's Target." 
It was experimented with at Creed moor, but the 
existing prejudice against canvas compelled its 
removal. 

Major Herbert S. Jewell, of Brooklyn, N. Y., 
kindly furnished the writer with diagrams from 
which the following reduced illustrations have been 
taken. 

They show a left-handed target; but to change 
to right-hand, if desired, it will only be neces- 
sary to make a transposition from one side to the 
other. 



JEWELUS TARGET. 
I'L^TE 14. 

Jewell's Target. 

(PRO\T ELEVATION.) 



69 




Ol 234-56 789 

[For explanation, see following pnge.] 



70 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



Explanation of Plate 14. 

A, the target raised. 

B B, legs of target passing through 

C C C C, iron sockets. 

D, a framework supporting the target, and working upon a centre- 

pin or spindle (12 inches long) securely fastened to 

E, a heavy timber at back of pit. 

F, a weight counterbalancing the target, which can be raised or 

lowered according to weight desired. 

G, iron arm holding weight to framework, D. 

H, iron feather on arm, with notches for the purpose of raising or 
lowering the counterbalance weight. The weight is held in 
place by a set screw tapped into the weight, the point of which 
is screwed into the desired notch. 

J, iron stop with rubber tip, preventing target fi'om revolving too 
far, and against which weight rests when target is elevated. 

K, iron lever with handle firmly secured to upper part of frame- 
work. 

L, signalling disk or disks (explained in Fig. 3). 

M, rod of same, connecting with 

N, a notched stationary wheel (ex])lained in Fig. 2). 

O, handle of notched wheel. 

P, level of ground and top of pit. 

Q, floor of pit. 



NOTCHED WHEEL OF JEWELLS TARGET. 71 

The meclianism permits of any class target being 
used by taking out the frame and legs of one tar- 
get and substituting another. The pit must, how- 
ev^er, be made sufficiently long and deep to admit 
of the drawing-down of the largest-size target to 
be used. The framework and machinery are all 
made of iron, but the writer inclines to the belief 
that woodwork should be substituted where prac- 
ticable, thus making the whole mechanism less 
cumbersome. 



Fig. 2 




Fig. 2 represents N on Plate 14. It is a station- 
ary iron wheel, about 10 inches in diameter, the 
handle only turning. It has five notches, into ei- 
ther of which the spring-arm of the handle may be 
placed. Four notches are in the centre of the di- 
vided quarters, painted as shown above, and signi- 
fy respectively bull's-eye, centre, inner, and outer ; 
the other notch is on the line between the red and 



72 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

white quarters, and signals a ricochet, the disk pre- 
senting to view one side red and the other w^hite. 

The handle is attached to the rod (M on Plate 14), 
at the other end of which is a disk (L), designed 
and painted to signal any of the five signals of 
bulFs-eje, centre, inner, outer, and ricochet. 

Fig. 3. 




Fig. 3 explains its formation . Each disk is round, 
and is modelled upon the principle of a revolving 
railroad switch-signal. It will now be understood 
that by turning the handle of the " notched w4ieel," 
the disk at the other extremity of the rod is corre- 
spondingly turned. As shown above, the handle 
is in the "inner" notch, the "inner" disk being 
turned to the front by the process. 

SYSTEM OF MAKKING. 

When a shot strikes the target, the marker sees, 
and mentally locates, the value of the shot, turns 
the handle connecting with the revolving disk into 
the desired notch, grasps the lever, and pulls the 
target over (he is provided witli two small disks 
made of wood, tin, or iron, wnth a hook in centre 
and each side of them, and painted respectively 



THE REVOLVING TARGET. 73 

white and red, and black cross^ and black), hangs 
the disk denoting value in the shot-hole, patches 
the last hole, lifts the lever, and swings the target 
into position ready for the next shot. 

THE REVOLVING TARGET. 

A target of cheap and simple construction, 
known as the " Revolving Target," designed by 
General George W. Wingate, the General Inspec- 
tor of Rifle Practice, State of IN^ew York, is used 
to some extent by the United States Army and 
others, and gives general satisfaction. 

A pit is first dug 13 or 14 feet long by T or 8 
feet deep and about 6 feet wide for targets of the 
third class, and proportionately deeper and longer 
for targets of the second and first classes. 

A stont upright post or beam is driven into the 
ground and firmly braced, its upper end being 
level with the top of the pit. An iron pin is 
then fastened, so as to project from this upright 
post, forming the axis upon which the target re- 
volves. 

The framework of two targets is connected by 
a cross-piece, through the centre or hub of which 
the iron pin or pivot passes, and the targets re- 
volve upon it on the principle of a wheel. 



74 



THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE, 
PL^TE 15. 

Kevolving Targets. 
(section of targets and pit.) 
A 



LEVELj'', OF GROUND 



mi. 



Bottom of Pit 

Scale of Feet 



A, target exposed. 

B, other target in the pit. 

O, upright post holding targets. 



3 4 5 6 

D, the hub in eentie of framework 
connecting the two targets, 

E, iron pin on which hub turns. 



REVOLVING TARGETS, 



75 



FLATE 16. 

Eevolving Targets. 
(front view of targets and pit.) 



Levef of Mound 


A 


in front of Target 


LEVEL OF 


^iE 


) J 




GROUND 




i 1 
i c 










Platform; in front of Target 
1 



Bottom of Pit 
Scale of Feet 



A, target exposed. 

B, other target in the pit. 

C C, upright post holding tlie targets upon central pin. 
D D, framework with hub in centre. 



76 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

System of Marking.— When the exposed target 
is struck, the marker raises a disk denoting the 
vahie of the shot, and places it for an instant 
over the bullet-hole in the target hit ; he then, 
with his right hand, pushes the other target to 
the left and up to the perpendicular, patches the 
shot-hole just made in target I^o. 1, and is ready 
to repeat as soon as target No. 2 is struck. 

The following, which for want of a better name 
is here called 

THE "possible" TAEGET, 

was devised not long since, but has never, to the 
author's knowledge, been publicly used. For sim- 
plicity of action and construction it appears to pos- 
sess merit, and it is claimed that the marking can 
be very prompt in the hands of a skilful man. 
The firing-points for all distances can be estab- 
lished on the one line, as, w^hen not in use, the 
target can be drawn down flat, a few inches below 
the level of the ground, and so not interfere with 
the view of objects beyond. As with the iron 
targets, a pit must be dug at the required distance 
from the flring-point 6J feet deep, 8 feet long (for 
second- or third-class targets, and about 14 feet long 
for first-class), and 9 feet wide (north and sontli) 



THE ''POSSIBLE'' TARGET. 77 

at its extreme width, as shown in the following 
diagrams. The canvas is tightly stretched upon 
a framework of angular iron, and works like a lid 
to the pit, hinging upon a solid wooden roller, be- 
ing opened and shut at will, the weight of the 
target being counterbalanced by weights suspend- 
ed under the roller. If found necessary, the dis- 
tance between the weights and the roller can be 
increased, and more leverage thus obtained in rais- 
ing and lowering the target. It will be noticed 
on Plate 17 at B, and on Plate 18 at C C— the 
" continuation of iron framework," etc. — that that 
portion of the framework has a "shoulder" which 
rests upon the upper part of the roller, and per- 
mits of its being securely and tightly screwed by 
the key or nut underneath. 



78 



THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



I>IjA.TE it. 



(section.) 




5 6 7 8 9 10 FEET 



THE ''POSSIBLE'' TARGET. 79 



Explanation of Plate 17. 

A to A, angular iron framework of target. 

B, continuation of iron framework passing through the wooden 

roller, D, and screwed tight by 

C, the key or nut. 

D, the wooden roller. 

E E, wooden handles to turn the roller. 

F, iron rod under roller bearing weights. 

G, the weights (iron or lead). 

H, wood supporting top of target when pulled down. 

I, thick rubber on top of wood. 

J J, marker's shelves for holding paste, patches, disks, etc. 

K, marker's seat to be placed against left side of pit. 

L, floor of pit. 

M M, walls of pit. 

1, a piece of timber fastened in the ground by 

2, a wooden spike or spikes, and tipped at the end by 

3, a piece of thick rubber. 



80 



THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE'. 



PLATE 18. 

(front elevation.) 

B 




1 1 1 1 \ 1 1 1 I 

I 2345678 FEET 



THE ''POSSIBLE'' TARGET. ^\ 



Explanation of Plate 18. 

A, the target. 

B B B B, the angular iron frame upon which target is stretched. 

C C, continuation of frame through roller, F, secured by 

D D, keys or nuts. 

E E, handles by which roller is turned. 

r F, the wooden roller. 

G- G, iron tips to roller working in 

H, an iron socket (same both ends). 

1 I, iron rods bearing the weights to balance target, and passing 
through the roller, F, secured at the top by 

J J, iron nuts. 

K K, continuation of iron rod bearing weights with key or nut to 
keep 

L L, the weights, in their place. 

(L), spare weights. 

M M, timber laid solid in ground holding the attached iron sockets 
in which the iron tips (G G) of the roller work. (A portion 
of the trunk of a tree is best for this purpose.) 

N, an iron bolt used in case of a strong north wind to keep target 
from blowing forward ; must, of course, be unbolted every time 
the target is marked, or a wheel with teeth might be used in- 
stead. 

0, iron-bound hole in M, in which bolt works. 
P, table holding extra weights. 

Q, side-walls of pit, 

B, floor of pit. 

1, 2, timbers, tipped with rubber, keeping target from falling back- 

ward with a south wind. 
& &, holes through roller ready for the third-class target to be 
fastened as above. 

6 



82 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

REDUCED TARGETS, 

or the 1^. R. A. target reduced in size proportion- 
ately to distance, are much used for indoor practice ; 
and, though not affording an absolutely accurate 
comparison of scores made upon the Range (where 
wind, weather, light, and atmosphere have to be 
considered), they are of considerable value as a 
means of approximate comparison. 

Reduced paper targets are regularly manufact- 
ured, and may be purchased ready for use. They 
can, however, be easily made by following a simple 
rule of scaling. Thus, if the bull's-eye of the reg- 
ular third-class target at 200 yards measures 8 
inches in diameter, and it is desired to shoot at a 
distance of 25 yards, or 75 feet, at the same target 
reduced to make the distance equal to 200 yards, 
it is onl}^ necessary to calculate as follows : bull's- 
eye at 200 yards is 8 inches in diameter ; at 100 
yards it is 4 inches ; at 50 yards it is 2 inches ; at 
25 yards it is 1 inch, and so on with the other di- 
visions of the target. These rules will, of course, 
apply to any class target, and need no other ex- 
planation. 



BRINTON RIFLE RANGE. 



83 




^P.N3AV J.aOd 




H 



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bri 


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CD 


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93 


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84 



THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



Marking-disks. 



BLACK CROSS 
HITE RED ON WHITE BLACK 

?0f t ^ 


Counts 5 
Centre 


Counts 4 
Inner 


Counts 3 
Outer 


c 

3 
O 

o 



CO oS 



MAKKING-DISKS ADOPTED BY THE NATIONAL EIFLE 
ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA. 

Tlie disks used at second- and third-class targets 
are usually 18 inches in diameter, while those used 
at the first-class targets are about 30 inches in di- 
ameter. . The poles in use at Creedmoor are about 
8 feet in length. For iron targets, sheet or galvan- 
ized iron disks are the most durable. For canvas 
or other targets, where no brush is required at the 
back, they may be made of iron, wood, tin, can- 
vas stretched upon a hoop, or strong card-board, 
each arranged with either a handle or hook, as 
required. 

For canvas targets, the spotting-disk to be hung 
in the bullet-hole may be made of iron, tin, or 
card-board, and may be round or square, as fancy 



PAPER PATCHES AND DANGER-SIGNALS. 85 

dictates, having a hook in the centre. White is 
required for spotting a shot on the bull's-eye, and 
black for any other portion of the target. 

PAPEK PATCHES 

for canvas, wood, or paper targets. Plenty of 
these should be provided for each target, and may 
be pasted on with common paste at time of cover- 
ing hole, or may be gummed beforehand, requiring 
only to be moistened to make them adhere. They 
should be white and black, so as not to deface the 
target, and should be cut round, 2 or 3 inches in 
diameter. 

DANGER-SIGNALS 

for the firing-points should be flags made of red 
bunting about 2x3 feet in size, the edges all 
hemmed and fastened to poles 12 or 14 feet high, 
pointed and tipped with iron at the bottom, to 
allow of their being stuck in the ground. 

At the targets (as bunting is expensive and 
easily torn) danger-signals of tin, iron, canvas, 
or wood painted red may be made and fastened 
to a pole like the disk; but the danger-signal 
should be much larger than, and of a different 
shape from, the disk, or else it might easily be 
mistaken at a distance for a "centre." 



86 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

TEIGGEK-TESTEES. 

These are indispensable to test the triggers of 
rifles, according to the Regulations of the IS^ational 
Rifle Association, which require "military" rifles 
to sustain upon the trigger, full cocked, the mini- 
mum weight of 6 lbs., and " any" rifles 3 lbs. 

They are easily made by attaching to a rod of 
iron, bent to an angle or hook at the upper end (to 
hang on the trigger), as much lead as will, with rod 
and all, weigh respectively 3 and 6 lbs. 

WIND-INDICATORS, 

or contrivances to show plainly from which direc- 
tion the wind blows, are most easily and readily 
obtained by using flags or streamers, or both, for 
such purpose. 

They should be fastened to poles from 20 to 
40 feet high, and erected on the embankment or 
fence in rear of the targets, as well as at regular 
distances along the side or sides of the Range. 
Red bunting is most generally used, though other 
colors are sometimes substituted. Streamers are 
better indicators than flags. 

A common wind-vane will be of some benefit 
to marksmen in determining the direction of the 
wind, but the addition of a clock-dial will be of 
great assistance. 



DIAL WIND-INDICATOR. 



87 



FLA^TE 19. 



Dial Wind -indicator. 




^X^s 



88 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

Explanation of Plate 19. 

A, face of the dial. 

B, the hand. 

C, the wind-vane. 

D, cog-wheel of hand turned by 

E, cog-wheel of wind- vane. 

The face can be made of wood or iron, any size, and placed as high 
as desired. 

When the wind-vane is true north, place the hand at XII and con- 
nect the cog-wheel, and the instrument is set. As shown 
above, it is a " nine-o'clock," or west, wind. 

Though the erection of many wind-indicators is 
desirable, their use in numbers is not imperative, 
except at the longer ranges, where nicer calcula- 
tions have to be made. One or two streamers 
should certainly be placed upon the top of the 
embankment, and, say, one flag or streamer every 
two hundred yards along the side of the Range. 



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90 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

SCOEING-BOARDS. 

Though not essential, these boards are decidedly 
useful, and facilitate the duties of the score-keeper 
by holding the tickets of competitors at his target 
constantly before him. 

They should be made of tin, about a foot in 
length, and of a uniform width, the side edges be- 
ing bent over to form a groove, into which the 
score tickets may slide. 

Having now seen some of the numerous designs 
of targets and appurtenances, we will shout " Ex- 
celsior!" and suppose our newly formed Associa- 
tion to have secured its Range, and erected, say, 
six targets, which can be changed at will to first, 
second, or third class. The Range is equipped 
and ready for active service. It is tlie spring of 
the year, and the opening of the Range has been 
decided to take place on, say, the 15th of May. 
Our Prize Committee has been, and still is, hard at 
work obtaining donations of prizes. Our Board 
of Directors, or Executive Committee, in conjunc- 
tion with the Prize Committee, meets about a 
month, or at least three weeks, prior to the open- 
ing day ; and, having received a full report to 
date from the Prize Committee, decides upon a 
programme as follows : 



PROGRAMME. 91 

PROGRAMME OF SPRING MEETING 

AND 

Opening of the Range of Rifle Association, 

TO BE HELD AT RANGE, 

On Wednesday, Mat 15, 18 — , commencing at 9 o'clock A.M. 



Competition. 'No. 1, ]Vlay- 15, at 9 A.]VE. 

"Directors' Match." 

Open only to Directors and Honorary Directors of the 

Rifle Association. Distance, 200 yards. Position, standing. 

Five shots. Any rifle. Entrance-fee, $1. 

PRIZE. 

The Directors' championship gold badge, provided by the Di- 
rectors themselves, to be shot for annually, and held by the winner 
during the year ; value $50. 



Competition. N"o. S, IVIay- 15. 

"Short-range Match." 

(Limited to 100 Entries.) 

Open to all comers. Distance, 200 yards. Seven shots. Po- 
sition, standing. Weapon, any military rifle. Entrance-fee, $1. 





PRIZES. 






1 St Prize 


, a • rifle, presented by ■ , of 


; value — 


$100 


2d " 


a gold medal, presented by , of 


; value 


50 


3d " 


a silver cup, presented by , of ; 


value $25, 






and cash $5 




30 


4th " 


2Q% of the total entrance-fees. 






5th " 


15^ " " 






6th " 


10% " 

Six Prizes. 







92 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

Competition No. 3, HVCay 1S>. 

"Team Match." 

(Entries limited to 15 Teams.) 

Open to teams of four men from any regularly organized Rifle 
Club, or Association, or Military Organization. If the latter, to 
appear in the uniform of their corps. Members of teams to have 
been regularly enlisted, or elected members of the organization 
represented, and to have been such for at least one month prior 
to the day upon which this match is announced to be shot. Dis- 
tances, 200 and 500 yards, seven shots at each distance. Weapon : 
in the case of teams representing military organizations, the rifle 
with which they are uniformly armed ; in other cases, any mili- 
tary rifle, excluding specials. Entrance-fee, $5 each team. 

PRIZES. 

1st. To the team making the highest aggregate score, a 

trophy, value $100 

2d. To the team making the second highest aggregate score, 

a silver cup, presented by , of , value $25; 

and a club or regimental pin to each member of the 
team, value $25 50 

3d. A.bronzemedal, value $15, and cash $10 25 

Three Prizes. Total value $175 



Competition ZN'o. 4, "NLay 15. 

"Consolation Match." 
(Limited to SO Entries.) 

Open only to those who have not won any individual prize dur- 
ing this meeting. Distance, 500 yards. Seven shots. Weapon, 
any rifle. Position, any. Entrance-fee, $1. 



PROGRAMME. 93 

PRIZES. 

1 St. A silver urn, presented b}' , of ; value $50 

2cl. A life membership in this Association, value , and 

cash 35 

3d. A military rifle, presented by , of ; value . 20 

4th. Cash 10 

5th. Cash 9 

Five Prizes. Total value $ 1 24 

Competition. !N"o. G, HVTay .16. 

"Long-range Match." 
Open to all comers. Distances, 800, 900, and 1000 yards. 
Fifteen shots at each distance. Position, any. Entrance-fee, $1. 
No coaching allowed. 

PRIZES. 

1st. A • Creedmoor rifle, presented by , of ; 

value f — 

2d. A life membership in this Association, value , and 

cash — 

3d. 15^ of total entrance-fees. 
4th. 10^ of total entrance-fees. 

Four Prizes. 



TIME TABLE. 
Trains leave, etc. Boats, etc. 



Refreshments on the ground at reasonable rates. 



Admission at gate, 50 cents to all non-members. 



94 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

General Rules. 

No sighting shots will be allowed in any match, but Pool Tar- 
gets will be open continuously at distances to correspond with the 
matches in progress. Tickets good for one shot at any Pool Tar- 
get will be sold at the Headquarters Tent upon the Range at 10 
cents each. Fifty per cent, of the gross pool receipts will be di- 
vided pro rata among those making buWs-eyes at the Fool Targets 
(who will be furnished with a ticket upon making a bull's-eye). 

Entries to matches must be made either in person or by letter 

to the Secretary, at his office. No. Street, on or before 

May 10 next. Entries received after that date will be charged 
50 per cent, extra as Post Entries^ and must take their chances of 
target accommodation. No entry will be received unless accom- 
panied by the amount of entry charges, either in cash or in post- 
office or money order for value. 

Please fill out, sign, and forward enclosed entry blank in accord- 
ance with the following. 

Secretary. 



FORM OF ENTRY BLANK. 



95 



Form of Entry Blank. 

To be filled up by competitor or team and returned to the Secre- 
tary, , on or before May 10, 18 — . 

l^- Write the word " this " opposite match entered for. _^|! 


1 


Individual Matches, May 15, 18-. 


No. 


Match. 


Yards. 


Rifle. 


Open to 


Write 

"TAt's" 
here. 


Amount 
Enclosed. 


Leave these 
columns blank. 


Hour. (Target. 


> 


Directors'. 


200 


Any. 


Directors. 




% c. 








2 


Short ) 
Range. ) 


200 


Any Mil. 


All comers, l 










4 


Couso- ) 
lation.j 


500 


Any. 


See Progr. 












5 


Long ) 
Range.; 


( 800) 
\ 900^ 

booo) 


Any. 


All comers. 


May 16. 








Total, $ 

Name, 

Address 










: 


5 

%. 


Team Match, May 16, 18-. 


No. 


Match. 


Yards. 


Rifle. 


Open to 


Write 
"TAm" 
here. 


Amount 
Enclosed. 


Leave these 
columns blank. 


Hour. 


Target. 


3 


Team. 


(200? 

i5oor 


See Progr, 


Teams of 5. 




$ c. 








Organization, 1 

Team Captain. 1 




Address 

Tips for retu 
jd in time, a 




) 


WniQ pi 


ain 


y, ai 


T 

idei 
are i 


otal, % 

iclose g 
lot rece 


ta 

iv( 


... enclosed. 

ru of tickets if desired. If they 
pply on Range. 



96 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

The preceding is our programme complete. It 
should be the Secretary's duty to see that the same 
is correctly printed, and afterwards distributed. A 
good form for a programme, and one that has re- 
ceived universal favor, is that of printing it on two, 
four, or more pages, of a medium size, each page, 
say, ^^ by 3 inches, made to fold like a little book 
or pamphlet. This is convenient alike for refer- 
ence and carrying. 

The great aim in inaugurating our first Prize 
Meeting should be not so much to make it pay 
as not to lose by it ; though even if some pecuniary 
loss should appear, it will be fully covered — if not 
too large — by the future good results and publicity 
of our opening. 

It is a bold stroke to pretend to show anything 
like the receipts and expenses of conducting this 
Spring Meeting, when it is not known to whom or 
where it may apply ; but we will suppose an in- 
stance of average enterprise and discretion on the 
part of the management, a reasonable number of 
riflemen, fair weather, and with the matches an- 
nounced, admission to the Range 50 cents each to 
non-members, and 25 cents extra for each saddle- 
horse or horse and wagon, and estimate how we 
shall stand. 



ESTIMATED RECEIPTS AND EXPENSES. 



97 



EXPENSES. 

For printing 2000 4-page Programmes of Meeting. $; 
'lOm Entrance Blanks 

25 Entrance or Score Tickets, Match 1. 

150 " " " " 2. 

25 " " " " 3. 

<; It n ^ 

" " " 5. 



00 
5 00 



100 

75 
375 



" 10 00 

500 Admission Tickets to Range 3 00 

500 Pool Tickets , 3 00 

500 Bull's-eye Tickets 3 00 

500 Competitors' Number Tickets (In- 
dividual) and 75 Competitors' 

Number Tickets (Team) 3 00 

Prizes. 

3d Prize, Match No. 2 5 00 

1 st Prize, Match No. 3 100 00 

2d Prize, Match No. 3, Pins or Medals 25 00 

3d Prize, Match No. 3, Medal and Cash 25 00 

Match No. 4, Cash 19 00 

On Range. 

1st day, 6 Scorers @ f 2 12 00 

1st day, 6 Markers @ $1 25 7 50 

2d day, 4 Scorers @ $2 8 00 

2d day, 4 Markers @ $1 25 5 00 



37 00 



174 00 



32 50 



Total Expenses for Meeting $243 50 

7 



98 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



RECEIPTS. 

Ent.-fees, Match 1, 15 (S) $1 $15 00 

Ent.-fees, Match 2, 90 @ $1 $90 00 

" " 2,10@4il50,.J5(10^,^„„„ 

Less divisions of money, 20^ 21 00 

" " \5% 15 75 

" " 10^ 10 50 ,^ „^ 

11^57 75 

Ent.-fees, Match 3, 12 teams @ $5 60 00 

Ent.-fees, Match 4, 75 @ $1 75 OO 

Ent-fees, Match 5, 20 @ $1 20 00 

" " 5@$l 50... 7 50 



Less divisions of money, 15^ 4 12 

" " *' 10^.... 2 75 



27 50 



— i^3$228 38 



Sold 500 Pool Tickets @ 10c 50 00 

Less paid Bull's-eyes 25 00 o- nn 

Admissions at Gate 75 00 

$328 38 

Expenses 243 50 

Balance $84 88 



PREPARATIONS FOR SPRING MEETING. 99 

This balance will be used up for sundries, postage, 
lunch, etc., so that, though showing no large balance 
of money, we make our Spring Meeting an event 
of interest to riflemen, we advertise our existence, 
we secure members, we show what we can do, and, 
last but not least, we establish our association and 
give it this gratifying start, and all without losing 
one cent; and the chances are that by judicious 
advertising beforehand, and with the aid of a live 
Prize Committee, we can both increase the num- 
ber of our donated prizes and also the number 
of competitors and spectators, and so correspond- 
ingly increase the balance in our treasury. And 
here let it be borne in mind that great care should 
be taken in the selection of the Annual Prize Com- 
mittee, the most active and influential members 
only being appointed as members thereof. 

For some time previous to the adoption and is- 
sue of the programme, let every memher of the 
Board of Directors consider himself a member ji?ro 
teTYi. of this committee, and use his personal exer- 
tions to obtain prizes, reporting promptly to tlie 
Prize Committee proper every donation so ob- 
tained. It is a comparatively unappreciated fact 
that more responsibility indirectly rests upon this 
committee for the success of a meeting than upon 
any other committee or ofiicer, not only in the ob- 



100 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

taiiiing of prizes, but also in the placing of them so 
as to be appropriate and attractive. 

It is also a very slov^^lj appreciated fact in this 
country that the desires of the competitors should 
he ascertained regarding the hind of prizes that 
will be acceptable. In Europe more diversity ex- 
ists, the donations of articles foreign to rifle-shoot- 
ing being as eagerly sought after as the other class. 
It is no uncommon occurrence to find in the pro- 
grammes of European and other foreign rifle asso- 
ciations such prizes as orders for wearing-apparel, 
mnsical instruments, sewing-machines, smoker's 
articles, provisions, jewelry, etc. The " rifle pulse" 
should likewise be carefully felt as to offering 
money prizes. 

The foregoing programme has been printed in 
detail, not so much with the intention of its being 
made a criterion as to matches, conditions, and 
prizes (w^hich can only be arranged by those know- 
ing the circumstances and wants of the particular 
classes and numbers likely to visit and patronize 
the Eange), but more to show the form and gen- 
eral style, and, most of all, to make a basis upon 
which to understandingly work out the practical 
management and "running" of the matches, en- 
tries, etc. 

Having, therefore, shown the financial probabil- 



THE SECRETARY'S DEPARTMENT. \0\ 

ities and possibilities of successfully carrying out 
our programme, we will next go on and familiar- 
ize ourselves with the practical internal workings 
of the different departments, commencing with the 

SECRET AEy's DEPARTMENT. 

Immediately upon the adoption of the pro- 
gramme, the Secretary should consult with the 
Executive Officer as to the probable number of 
entries in each match, and having agreed upon 
a maximum, at least twenty per cent, over that 
number of score tickets should be printed. 

First, for " Competition ^o. 1, Directors' Match," 
score cards similar to Plate ]^o. 1 (in " Forms of 
Score Cards," pp. 135-144) should be printed ; for 
"Competition N'o. 2, Short-range Match," Plate 
No, 2 ; for " Competition Ko. 3, Team Match," 
Plate No. 3 ; for " Competition No. 4, Consolation 
Match," Plate No. 4; and for " Competition No. 5, 
Long-range Match," score cards as shown in Plate 
No. 5. 

The printer should be instructed to print score 
tickets on card-board of medium thickness, and 
color for distance^ i.e., one color for each distance 
in all matches ; or, plainer still, say, all tickets for 
200 yards, white ; tickets for 500 yards, yellow ; 
for 800 yards, ^^7^^; for 900 yards, green; for 



102 



THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



1000 yards, hlue, etc. Have them printed on tints 
rather than positive colors. This rule of " color for 
distance " prevents the possibility of a competitor 
shooting upon a 500 -yard ticket at 200 yards, 
and vice versa^ as the scorekeeper is made familiar 
with the color corresponding to each distance. 

Every score ticket must be numbered on the 
back (on ticket and coupon) from l^o. 1 up to as 
many numbers as there are tickets at each distance 
and each match. These numbers may be printed or 
written. They are used only for the purpose of 
comparing a detached coupon with the original 
ticket in case of dispute, and have no other sig- 
nificance. 

The "Competitor's N^umber" must next be at- 
tended to, and should be printed on light card- 
board as follows : 



COMPETITOR'S NUMBER. 




This is the Competitor's dumber by which he will be known 
throughout the Meeting, and which number will be used for all 
subsequent entries, and posted on the Bulletin Board for Shoot- 
ing off Ties, or other Official Communications. 



SCORE TICKETS AND ENTRY SHEET. 



103 



The same form will do for teams by substituting 
the word ''Team" for "Competitor" wherever it 
occurs, and correcting the phraseology to conform 
to the change. The numbers in the square may 
be printed or written, and should be from one 
up to, and somewhat in excess of, as many indi- 
viduals or teams as are expected to compete in 
all of the matches, one ticket and number for 
each individual and team. To readily distinguish 
the two classes, the " Individual Numbers " should 
be printed on white, and the " Team [N'umbers" on 
pink cards. 

We now require an " Entry Sheet " or Book on 
or in which to record all entries, and one can be 
made by ruling as in the following reduced form : 



•id 


Individnal Entries, Spring Meeting, etc., 18-. 


Name. 


Match. 


No. 1. 


No. 2. 


No. 4. 


No. 5. 


1 












2 












3 












4 












5 












6 












7 








\ 1 


8 






r 1 1 


9 




1 1 


lO 




1 1 



104 



THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



Several entrj sheets can be made and ruled on 
white paper, numbered as high as the Competitors' 
Numbers run. 

For teams the entry sheets may be ruled similar 
to the following reduced form on pink paper, and 
numbered as high as the Team Numbers run : 



Team Entries, Spring Meeting, etc., 18-. 


Team 

No. 


Organization Repre- 
sented. 


Captain of Team. 


Match No. 3. 


1 








S 








3 








4 






1 


5 








6 








7' 








8 








9 








lO 









Now, suppose everything to be so far in readi- 
ness, and the entries commencing to come in. Tlie 
first entry received is from Charles Ross, of Phil- 
adelphia, who enters in matches Nos. 2 and 4, en- 
closing therefor $2. The Secretary enters on In- 
dividual Entrance Sheet his name on the first 
line and checks on that line (\/) in the columns 
ruled for the purpose under the matches entered 
for (Nos. 2 and 4). He then writes in the square 



FILLING ENTRY BLANKS. 105 

blank in the upper corner of the Individual En- 
try Blank the figure 1. He places that blank 
on file, puts the money away, and is ready for the 
next and following entries. Team entries are, of 
course, treated in the same way. 

Any remarks necessary may be endorsed on the 
Entry Blank before filing ; such, for instance, as 
" will call for tickets," or " mail tickets ;" and if 
the latter (and rule as to sending postage-stamps 
has been complied with), copy name and address 
on an envelope, place the stamps on, and put it 
away for the present. 

On May 11, the day after close of regular en- 
tries, the Executive Ofiicer should come to the Sec- 
retary's office, and make his target assignments, 
showing target and hour at which competitor is 
assigned to shoot. 

The method of making these assignments will 
be shown farther on under heading of" Executive 
Department." For the present, we will confine 
ourselves to the Secretary's work. 

The Executive Officer marks upon each Entry 
Blank (Individual and Team in turn) the hour and 
target — in columns left blank for that purpose — 
and, either simultaneously or afterwards, the Sec- 
retary, having his score tickets sorted out and at 
hand, copies from the Entry Blank the competitor's 



106 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

numher, name, date, and hour of matcli and target 
to which he has been assigned ; and having s© 
copied, he places the score ticket or tickets in an 
envelope (either for the mail or to be called for), 
addresses it, and encloses therein a Competitor's 
(or Team) I^^umber, corresponding, of course, to 
the number on the score ticket. The Executive 
Officer should come to the Secretary's office every 
day. — in the evening, if convenient — up to the day 
preceding the opening of the meeting,' to make 
assignments for those making late or post entries. 
By these progressive stages we have now come 
to the duties and workings of the 

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 

The Executive Officer should have prepared, by 
the time entries commence to be received, a blank 
form, ruled on card-board or stout paper, as fol- 
lows: 



TARGET ASSIGNMENT BLANK. 



107 



<=r> 




^ R. O- E T 


1 l'^' 


1 •— ' 


2 


M 














to 














i 


1 
1 

1 
























i 














i 














§ 














§ 














■g 














i 














y 














i 














i 












i 












5 




























1 














M 
J 

















108 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

We have six targets on our Range, numbered 
from 1 to 6, as shown in the column at the left 
of table on preceding page. The time assign- 
ments are made upon a basis of half-hours^ the 
time from 9 A.M. to 5.30 P.M. being equal to 8^ 
honrs, or 17 half-hours for the day. An average 
of one minute per shot is allowed. 

Thus, if we ^lacefour mefi at a target, they can 
each fire 7 shots (total, 28 shots) within the half- 
hour, and have two minutes to spare. With Jive 
targets (one being used for pool-shooting), we can 
therefore provide for twenty men at once, firing 
140 shots every half-hour. Thus, taking our time 
for the day of 15 half-hours, or 450 minutes (one 
hour being allowed for recess or lunch), we can 
have at our Jl/ve targets equal to 300 com/petitors 
(28 shots at each target each half-hour) firing 2100 
shots per day. 

Now, by referring to our original entries, w^e 
find the total number of shots to be provided for 
on the first day as follows (see Table of Receipts) : 



Match. 






Shots. 


No. 1. 


15 competitors shoot 5 shots each = 75 


No. 2. 


90 


c( tt y 


" = 630 


No. 3. 


48 


" (12 teams) " 7 


,, f200yds.l ^ (5^^ 
(500 " ) 


No. 4. 


75 


t< "7 


" = 525 




Total. 




1902 



ENTRANCE BLANKS. 109 

Nineteen Imndred and two shots in one day, and 
we have time to shoot twenty-one hundred. The 
surphis time covers post entries, " which must take 
their chances of target accommodation." 

The Executive Officer now takes up the En- 
trance Blanks, and is careful not to unnecessarily 
crowd a competitor — that is to say, not to assign 
him for different matches that lie may be en- 
tered for on consecutive half-hours, if it is avoid- 
able — and makes the assignment as follows: He 
writes the Competitor's Number on his ruled 
sheet opposite the target, and ivnder the hour or 
half-hour desired; copies this assignment on the 
Entrance Blank ; and proceeds with the next en- 
try, and so on, until all are assigned. He places 
four numbers (representing four competitors) in 
each ruled division — target and time — until all 
entries are provided for. 

The following shows a reduced form of the Ex- 
ecutive Officer's assignment for the first day all 
made up. The competitors' numbers may be 
placed, as before explained, at the discretion of 
the Executive Officer j but on the following form 
they are placed in rotation, commencing at the 
top. 



110 



THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



1 

» 

H 

1 


1 


1 

i 


^ 

« 


Sg^^ 


iSSSS 


Sgf^^ 


?2^g2 






1^^^^^^^^^^ 


^§I5§ 


S?S1SS 


SS§3 




« 


(MC^C5^ |(?1C^CQ(?5 


^8c5g?|?§^^^ 


^^^^ 




2 


1 


«^^;^^ ?2;^;3S 


^SS§ 










1 

>* 


CO 


•XX tUBaj, 


•gX rauaj. 






■ 


H 


i 


•9 uiBax 


"X uiuai, 


•8 lueaj, 


•6 rauaj. 


•ox uiBaj, 


W 


I 


•X UI\?9J, 


•S luuyj, 


•g rauaj, 


•t- muaj, 


•Q TOBaj, 





i 

i 




•IX ini?^X 


•gX uiBax 








W 


•9 uitjaj. 


•X lUBaj, 


•8 uiTJai, 


•6 XUBSX 


•OX uit'aj, 


<l 




•X UIB3J, 


•5 UIB8J, 


•g uiuajj 


•f lutsaj, 


•g luuaj. 


H 




I 


•x[ xt Ti. nc 




§ 


•T[ XT n. r-j; 


yA 


1 


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^^3§^ 


S^S38 


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5S§^ 


SiSS 


g??:^ 


g2^15i? 


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^giSS 


2?;^i§i§ 


t-OOOiO 


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T-l'??COTfl 


^^S58^ 


S8c5g? 


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rHfMCC-* 


iO:Oi>00 


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l-H i-H tH rH 




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a: a ^D -h: V 




CO 



THE STATISTICAL DEPARTMENT. \\\ 

Thus, we have assigned all original entries in 
one day, and provide for a maximum of entries 
eqnal to 320 individual competitors. 

The match (No. 5) of the second day can be 
made out in the same manner on another ruled 
sheet; but as the number of entries will probably 
be much less than on the first day, and as all day 
may be devoted to this one match, it is unnecessary 
to recapitulate all the details. 

A cannon, loud bell, or gong should be fired, 
sounded, or struck e^ery half -hour throughout the 
day, from 9 A.M. to 5.30 P.M., thus announcing 
to all upon the ground the commencement and 
expiration of the half -hours. 

THE STATISTICAL DEPARTMENT 

claims our next attention. For this department 
(and, in fact, for all departments upon the Range) 
a plentiful supply of pens, ink, paper, hammers, 
tacks, pins, rubbers, etc., should be provided. Ad- 
joining this department should be a secluded spot 
for reporters for newspapers. And here it may 
be remarked that politeness and civility, combined 
with a cheerful willingness to oblige and accommo- 
date members of the press, is sure to be rewarded, 
these gentlemen being always quick to appreciate 
attention or resent discourtesy. Every reasonable 



112 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

facility (by means to be devised by the officer in 
charge) should be given them to obtain and copy 
any scores, names, or other information desired. 

Upon the Statistical Officer rests the responsi- 
bility of correctly computing the scores made, and 
of deciding upon and announcing the winners, etc. 
His announcement being of course official, great 
care should be taken, and every precaution used, to 
guard against mistakes. 

During the progress of the meeting, an author- 
ized assistant gathers from the scorers the score 
tickets as fast as they are filled up, and hands them 
to the Statistical Officer, who, after having received 
all (which can be determined by examining the 
record of entries), makes up the list of Prize Win- 
ners, and bulletins it. In case of an exact tie, re- 
quiring to be shot oif, he communicates with the 
Executive Officer, who names the target and hour 
for its settlement, and the Statistical Officer there- 
upon bulletins the fact with all particulars. 

THE FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT, 

superintended by the Financial Officer, has charge 
of all finances during the meeting. The gate- 
keepers are under his direction, and pool tickets 
are sold, and bull's-eyes afterwards redeemed, at 
his headquarters. 



THE FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT. \\^ 

The form, manner of recording, selling, and re- 
deeming 

Pool and BitlVs-eye Tickets have many varie- 
ties ; and, instead of detailing any particular sys- 
tem, the following objective rules are given, and 
may be elaborated as seems best : 

A pool ticket is sold for ten cents, good for one 
shot at any pool target^ at any distance, during the 

meeting. Mr. A (who uses a military rifle) 

buys one, and goes to Target 6 at 200 yards ; and 
upon presenting his ticket to the scorer (who marks 
" Military " on it), is allowed to slioot. He makes 
a bull's-eye, and receives a bull's-eye ticket from 
the scorer, marked " Bull's-eye, 200 yards. Mili- 
tary Kifle." In the evening he presents the same, 
and receives its pro-rata equivalent in money. 

Mr. B (who shoots an " any rifle," so called 

from being "anything but military") does the 

same as Mr. A (the scorer marking on the 

pool ticket he presents " Any "), and receives his 
bull's-eye ticket, denoting a bull's-eye made at so 
many yards with an " any " rifle, etc. 

The scorers at pool targets are required to keep 
a memorandum of how many " any " and how 
many " military " bull's-eye tickets he gives out. 
This is easily recorded by giving him at the 
opening a certain number of each, that number, 
8 



114 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE, 

with balance returned deducted from it, gives the 
number issued; and the pool tickets collected by 
the scorers at the firing-point, and afterwards hand- 
ed to the Financial Ofiicer, show of course the num- 
ber of each class (" any " or " military ") from which 
the fifty-per-cent. division of bull's-eyes is to be 
made. 

EANGE OFFICERS. 

About one Eange Officer to every fi\Q or six 
targets should be present at the firing-points dur- 
ing shooting, and should be thoroughly familiar 
with the shooting regulations, so as to be able 
promptly to decide or settle any dispute or ob- 
jection. 

An appeal from his decision may be taken to 
the Executive Officer. 

In case of a disputed shot, the Range Officer 
should first examine tlie target through a telescope, 
and endeavor to decide in that manner the just- 
ness of the claim. 

COMMITTEES. 

A quorum of the Board of Directors or Exec- 
utive Committee should be on the Eange during 
the meeting — if not all the time, at least at a cer- 
tain hour each day, in order to act promptly in 
case of protests, should any occur. 



COMMITTEES. 115 

Should a protest be made, and an appeal taken 
from the decision of the Executive Officer (which 
is necessary to bring it before the higher author- 
ity), it is well to ascertain the hour at which such 
meeting will be held, and promptly notify all par- 
ties concerned to be present thereat. 

The Prize Committee should endeavor (if prac- 
ticable and safe) to have the prizes on exhibition 
on the Range during the meeting. They may be 
presented to the winners the same day, if thouglit 
advisable ; or, if they are plentiful enough and 
will make a good show, they may be held over, 
and formally presented, with appropriate addresses, 
music, etc., after the meeting. 

A proper receipt should be taken for every prize. 

The Range Committee should see before the 
meeting that targets and appurtenances are in per- 
fect condition, and (as they are supposed to be well 
qualified) should individually act as Range Offi- 
cers during the meeting, supervising everything, 
seeing that all works harmoniously and well, and 
using their best endeavors to secure such a result. 

A source of revenue can probably be obtained 
by leasing the privilege of selling refreshments 
upon the Range, either during a meeting or for 
the entire season, and should be in the hands 
of this committee. 



116 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

Other sources of income are practicable in build- 
ing lockers upon the Range, and renting them to 
riHemen at a stated sum per year ; in hiring out 
rifles at so much per day or hour ; and in the sale 
of ammunition. 

CONDUCT OF SIMPLE MATCHES. 

Having now taken the reader through all the 
intricate details of a meeting (which details are 
applicable to any increased numbers of matches, 
competitors, and targets), we will next see how to 
conduct, by a single - entry process, as it were, a 
simple match with about fifty competitors. One 
officer can easily manage the whole business, take 
entries, make assignments, and run the match in 
manner as follows : 

A record of the names of competitors entering 
must be kept in ink or pencil on a sheet of paper, 
piece of card-board, or convenient book, a column 
on the left having bepn previously numbered from 
1 up to, say, 50. 

As an entry is made, the name and rifle of the 
competitor should be written on a score ticket 
numbered to correspond with the number of his 
entry. All entries having been received (which 
need not be decided until at the firing-point, and a 
few minutes before the time set for the match to 



CONDUCT OF SIMPLE MATCHES. 117 

begin), tlie officer in charge sees the total number 
of his entries to be fifty ; so, having five targets, 
lie equalizes these fifty into squads of ten at each 
target, and announces aloud that " holders of tick- 
ets numbered from 1 to 10 inclusive go on tar- 
get 1 ; numbers 11 to 20 inclusive, on target 2 ; 
numbers 21 to 30, on tai-get 3 ; nnmbers 31 to 40, 
on target 4; and numbers 41 to 50, on target 5;" 
or he may reverse or change the order if he 
chooses. 

It is generally easy to secure the voluntary 
services of five spectators as scorers; and these 
having been obtained, and stationed one at each 
target, everything is in readiness to commence 
the match. While it is in progress, the Executive 
Officer should stay at the firing-points, preserve 
order, prevent competitors and spectators from 
crowding on the score-keepers, be ready with a 
copy of the Regulations to settle any dispute, test 
triggers, see that everything is conducted fairly, 
and be wherever his presence is required. He 
should collect the tickets from the score-keepers 
as fast as they are filled up and signed ; and when 
all are obtained, should compare the number of 
tickets with the total number of entries, verify 
the additions, and announce the winners. 

These instructions are general, and will apply 



118 I'^JE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

to all small or simple matches lacking the dignity 
or importance of a meeting. 

Some designs of score tickets suitable for such 
matches are shown farther on. 



GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR SCORE-KEEPERS. 

APPLICABLE TO A " MEETING" CONDUCTED UPON PLAN EXPLAINED. 

Required at Each Firing-point. — Danger-flag; camp-stool ; 3 and 
6 lb. trigger-testers ; pencil, sharpened at both ends ; and a watch, 
regulated before shooting commences with standard time, and used 
to show the half-hours, and to enforce the rule of one minute per 
shot. 

To Commence Firing. — Lower the danger-flag, and announce 
" Commence firing." 

To Cease Firing (which must be enforced simultaneously at all 
targets at expiration of each half-hour, or for any other cause). 
— Raise the danger-flag, and order " Cease firing." 

Score Cards. — Deliver these only to tne person authorized to 
collect them. 

Scoring. — 1. Verify the color of score ticket with distance. Ver- 
ify the target, hour, match, and rifle. (If latter is not down, as- 
certain what weapon is used, and write it yourself.) 

2. Test trigger of weapon of each competitor at least once dur- 
ing the match. Military rifles, 6 lbs. ; any rifle, 3 lbs. 

3. Tiie comi)etitor must finish his score within the thirty minutes 
succeeding the time designated on his score card, unless otherwise 
stated. 

4. As each shot is signalled, call in a loud voice the name of 
competitor and value of the shot ; and upon completion add up 
and verify total score, detach and hand competitor the coupon, and 
announce, in like manner, his name and the total points made. 



INSTRUCTIONS FOR SCORE-KEEPERS. HQ 

5. The marking as signalled cannot he questioned or debated. 
All objections from competitors must be at once referred to a 
Range Officer. 

6. Hold no conversation with cotnpetitors. Attend solely to yom* 
own business. If anything is wrong, call a Range Officer, and let 
him do the talking. 

7. When a danger-signal is shown at your target (unless as a 
cautionary signal before marking a shot), raise your own danger- 
flag, order "Cease firing," and keep your flag up until target is 
clear. A competitor, ready to shoot at such a moment should be 
required to unload his rijie, or (if a muzzle-loading weapon) re- 
move the cnp, 

8. Caution each competitor about to shoot " Target " (stat- 
ing its number or designation). 

9. If he shoots on the wrong target, cease firing, and report it to 
a Range Officer. 

10. Permit no firing except as a score in a match. 

11. If two shots are marked consccutivelij at your target when 
one shot only has been fired, give the comi)etitor the one of high- 
est value. 

12. When a competitor retires, write the word "retired" after 
his unfinished score, and do not add up. 

13. Offer no suggestions to competitors. Do no " coaching," but 
simply keep the score. 



GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR MARKERS. 

These consist principally in keeping a sharp lookout all the 
time, seeing that an ample supply of all things necessary is at 
hand, and being promj)t but sure, rather than too quick and care- 
less, in marking. 

In case of a shot (not the outside " splash" of the bullet on an 
iron target) touching the edge of the bull's-eye, or centre or inner 



120 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

lines, give the shot the benefit of the touch by signalling its high- 
est value. 

Avoid conversation, and pay strict attention to business. 

Should two shots be made simultaneously, or nearly so, on the 
one target, raise the danger-signal, and mark both shots. 

Note. — At Creedraoor, when a competitor fires on the wrong 
target (which will always explain the " two shots " spoken of 
above), the marker is instructed to raise his danger-signal, and keep 
the target idle for fifteen minutes; but the writer never could un- 
derstand the object of this, as it inflicts an unjust punishment upon 
all other competitors at that target. 



REGULATIONS 

OF 

THE NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA. 

{Adopted 1878.) 

I.— MANAGEMENT. 

A. — SPRING AND FALL MKETINGS. 

1. Tlie aimunl meetings for competitions will be conducted by 
an Executive Officer, wearing a tri-colored badge ; aided by a Sta- 
tistical Officer, wearing a blue badge ; a Financial Officer, wearing 
a white badge ; and assistants, wearing red badges. 

2. Tlie Executive Officer shall have control of the Range for the 
conduct of matches. 

3. The Statistical Officer shall have charge of all statistics. 

4. The Financial Officer shall have charge of all finances con- 
nected with these meetings. 

B. — OTHER COMPETITIONS. 

1. All Other association competitions will be conducted by an 



REGULATIONS OF THE N. R. A. OF AMERICA. 121 

Officer or Director of the Association, or other competent person, 
designated by the Senior Officer or Director present on the Range 
at the hour of shooting, unless previously designated. In the ab- 
sence of Officers and Directors, the Assistant Secretary or Super- 
intendent of Range shall act as, or designate an, Executive Officer. 

II.— GENERAL REGULAllONS. 

1. During the progress of a match, no one, except the officers 
and employes of the Association, the competitors and the score- 
keepers, will be permitted within the ropes without special permis- 
sion of the Executive Officer. 

2. The squads of competitors will be stationed not less than four 
yards in rear of the firing-points, where each competitor must re- 
main until called by the score-keeper to take his position at the 
firing-point, and until he has completed his score. The score- 
keepers will be seated close to, and in rear of, the firing-point 
stakes. 

3. Score-keepers shall, as each shot is signalled, call in a loud 
voice the name of the competitor and the value of the shot, and at 
the conclusion of the score of each competitor, announce in like 
manner his name and total score. 

Competitors must pay attention to the scores as announced and 
recorded, so that any error may be promptly investigated. 

4. All competitors will be allowed to examine the records of the 
score-keeper during the progress of any match. 

5. All protests and objections must be made to the Executive 
Officer in charge of the match ; or, in his absence, to one of his as- 
sistants. In case a competitor is dissatisfied with the decision of 
the latter, he may ai)peal to the Executive Officer. 

6. Any competitor feeling himself aggrieved by the ruling of an 
Executive Officer may make to the Secretary a statement of his 
grievance in writing, giving the names of two or more witnesses in 
the case, which shall be handed to the Executive Corpinittee at fts 



122 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

first meeting thereafter for its consideration. The decision of the 
Executive Committee shall be final, subject, however, to the discre- 
tion of said Committee, or any two members of it, to refer the mat- 
ter to the Board of Directors for its decision. 

7. These regulations, and such directions as the Executive Oflfi- 
cer may give, must be rigidly complied with by competitors and all 
other persons upon the Kange grounds. 

III.-RIFLES. 

The rifles allowed to be used in the competitions are — 1st. Mil- 
itary rifles ; 2d. Any rifle ; aiid must comply with the following 
conditions, viz, : 

1 . Military Rifles, weight (without bayonet) not to exceed 
9 lbs. 4 oz. Stock, sufficiently strong for military purposes, and 
such as to admit the use of a sling; minimum pull of trigger, six 
pounds. Sights to be of bona-Jide military pattern, to be attached 
to the barrel, and to be without any movable adjustment other than 
a hinged flap and sliding-bar, to be moved by hand only. In mil- 
itary team matches (unless otherwise specified), competitors must 
use tlie rifle with whicli the oi'ganization to which they belong is 
armed, at public expense. Filing or altering the sights of such rifles, 
or of the rifles used by the National Guard, or Regular forces (except 
as authorized by tlie military authorities thereof), or using them in 
any other way than as originally intended, is prohibited, except that 
the sliding-bar of the rear sight may be inverted, and lines drawn 
to mark the centre. Sights may be blackened, but not whitened or 
colored. Any pad or shoe for the heel of the butt is disallowed. 

2d. Any Rifle, maximum weight 10 lbs., minimum pull of 
trigger 3 lbs., sights of any description, except telescope, mag- 
nifying, and such front aperture sights as solid disks or bushes 
pierced in the centre, which cover the target so as to conceal the 
danger-signal when displayed. No stirrup constructed of metal or 
other substance, connected to the rifle by straps of any kind, for 



REGULATIONS OF THE N. R. A. OF AMERICA. 123 

the purpose of taking up or lessening its recoil, will be allowed in 
any of the matches of this Association. 

3. Competitors shall submit their rifles and ammunition for in- 
spection whenever required. 

4. No hair or set triggers will be allowed. 

5. No fixed or artificial rests will be allowed. 

6. In all competitions confined to the use of breech-loaders, the 
gun shall be loaded at the breech with fixed ammunition. 

IV.— AMMUNITION. 
1. In all competitions, unless otherwise specified, any ammuni- 
tion may be used, and must be provided by the competitors. 

V._TARGETS. 
The targets are divided into three classes, and shall be of the 
following sizes : 

1. TIdrd Class, to be used at all distances up to, and including, 
300 yards— Target, 4x6 feet. 

Bull's-eye, circular, 8 inches in diameter. 
Centre, " 26 " " 

Inner, " 46 " " 

Outer, remainder of target. 

2. Second Class, to be used at all distances over 300, to, and in- 
cluding, 600 yards— Target, 6x6 feet. 

Bull's-eye, circular, 22 inches in diameter. 
Centre, " 88 " 

Inner, <' 54 " " 

Outer, remainder of target. 

3. First Class, to be used at all distances over 600 yards — Tar- 
get, 6 X 12 feet. 

Bidl's-eye, circular, 36 inches in diameter. 
Centre, " 54 " " 

Inner, square, 6 feet X 6 feet. 
Outer, remainder of target. 



124 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

VI.— MAKKING, SCORING, AND SIGNALLING. 

1. Bull's-eye, counts 5 ; signal, white circular disk. 
Centre, "4; " red " 
Inner, "3; " white and black " 
Outer,. " 2; " black 

Ricocliet, scored R; " red flag waved twice, right and 
left, in front of the target. Ricochet hits will be marked out after 
the flag-signal. 

2. When a shot strikes the angle iron upon which the target 
stands, the marker will open the trap and raise and lower his flag 
three times in front of the target. 

3. Any objection to the scoring of a shot as signalled, or to one 
not signalled, must be made before another shot is fired. 

4. Any alteraticm of a scoring-ticket must be witnessed by an 
oflBcer in charge of the firing-point, and endorsed with his initials. 

VII.— RUNNING DEER. 
1. Will be run only by signal from the firing-point. Any rifle 
may be used, provided the sights are over the centre of the barrel. 
Position, standing ; distance, 1 00 yards, unless otherwise prescribed. 
A fine of ten cents will be imposed for firing when out of bounds, 
not firing, or for hitting the haunch. 

SCORING AND SIGNALLING. 

Bull's-eye, white disk, counts 4. 

Centre, red " " 3. 

• Outer, blatk " " 2. 

Haunch, white disk, with black cross, scoring H. 

VIIL— MATCHES. 
1. The commencement of matches at the Spring and Fall meet- 
ings will be signalled by the firing of two guns, la minutes apart. 



REGULATIONS OF THE N. R. A. OF AMERICA. 125 

The first will be the signal for competitors and score-keepers to as- 
semble at the firing-points, and the second to commence firing. 

2. The matches \\\\\ take place, if possible, in the order named 
in the programmes. Any deviation from the programmes will be 
posted upon the Bulletin Board at Headquarters as long before- 
hand as practicable. The posting upon such bulletin will be con- 
sidered sufficient notice to all competitors of everything so posted. 

3. Temporary discontinuance of matches on account of bad 
weather (which will be in the discretion of the Executive Officer, 
and applicable on all occasions), and discontinuance for noonday 
intermission, will be signalled by the firing of a gun. In each case 
tlie competitions will be resumed upon the firing of two guns. 

4. No practice will be allowed upon the Range on any of the days 
of the annual meetings for competitions, unless specially authorized 
by the Executive Officer. This does not apply to days upon which 
si)ecial matches of the Association, or of affiliating associations or 
clubs, take place. 

IX.— ENTRIES. 

A. — ANNUAL MEETINGS. 

1. For the State prize, and all other competitions open to mili- 
tary organizations, the teams shall (unless otherwise specified) con- 
sist of twelve from each regiment, battalion, company, or troop. 

2. All regimental officers shall be eligible as members of such 
teams. 

3. In all cases competitors for prizes offered to military organ- 
izations must be regularly enlisted members, in good standing, of 
the regiment, battalion, company, or troop which they represent, 
and shall have been such for at least three months prior to the 
match for which they are entered. All entries must be made fin- 
full teams. 

4. Entries must be made at the office of the Association, in New 
York City, at least one week preceding the commencement of the 



126 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

meetings. A charge of 50 per cent, additional will be imposed for 
all entries made after that time. 

5. Competitors who are prevented from being present at any 
meeting shall have the entrance-fees they have paid returned after 
the meeting, provided that they send their tickets and give written 
notice to the Secretary before the day on which the prize for which 
they have entered has been announced for competition. 

6. Competitors prevented from competing by illness will receive 
back their entrance-fees in full, on production of a medical certifi- 
cate and their entry tickets. 

7. Post entries are those made after the entry books are closed 
at the office of the Association. 

8. The holders of the post-entry tickets may be ordered to fire 
whenever target accommodation can be provided ; but should they 
be precluded from competing by deficiency of target accommoda- 
tion, their entrance-fees will be returned to them, the Executive 
Officer not being able to guarantee accommodation for all such 
entries. 

B. — GENERAL REGULATIONS. 

1. A member of the Association entering for, or shooting in, a 
match on the Range must exhibit his badge. 

2. A register ticket may be transferred at any time before the 
firing for the match has commenced by exchanging it at the office 
of the Statistical Officer for one having the name of the new hold- 
er. Any erasure, or the substitution of one name for another, will 
render the ticket invalid. 

3. No post entries shall be made for any competition after the 
firing in such competition has commenced, unless otherwise speci- 
fied. 

X.-SIIOOTING. 

A. — ANNUAL MEETINGS. 

1. Two sighting shots shall be allowed to every competitor at 



REGULATIONS OF THE N. R. A. OF AMERICA. 127 

each distance, on payment of ten cents a shot, unless otherwise 
specified. 

2. Tickets for sighting shots will be sold upon the ground, and 
will be good for any match during the meeting. Competitors must 
decide, before firing, upon the number of sighting shots they will 
take, and hand the tickets for the same to the scorer. Sighting 
shots cannot be counted upon a score in any competition. 

3. Competitors who, at the close of the firing on any day, have 
not completed the number of rounds prescribed by the conditions 
of a competition, shall be allowed one sighting shot when such com- 
petition is resumed, without charge. 

4. In all competitions confined to military organizations, com- 
petitors shall shoot in the authorized uniform of their corps, includ- 
ing waist-belts. 

5. In all military matches each team will be limited to an aver- 
age of one minute per shot for each squad, to complete its score. 

B. — GENKRAL REGULATIONS. 

1. In all competitions restricted to military rifles, the competi- 
tors shall place themselves at the firing-point by twos, who shall 
fire alternately until they have fired all their shots. 

2. In other competitions, the competitors shall fire their shots 
alternately throughout the squad. 

3. Competitors may Avipe or clean out their rifles during any 
competition, except those restricted to the use of military rifles. 
In competitions of more than one distance restricted to military 
rifles, cleaning-out will be permitted between distances. 

4. Whenever the danger-flag is displayed, competitors about to 
fire will be required to open the breech-block of their rifles (if 
breech-loaders). If they leave the firing-point, they must draw the 
cartridge. 

5. No two competitors shall be allowed to shoot with the same 
rifle in the same match. 



128 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

6. Any competitor dehiying his squad will be passed by. In no case 
will the firing be delayed to enable a competitor to procure a rifle. 

7. Any competitor engaged in an uncompleted match at the 
time fixed for the commencement of another, for which he is en- 
tered, on reporting the fact to the Executive Ofiicer, will, if it be 
practicable, -be assigned a target to enable him to shoot in such 
match upon the completion of that in which he is shooting. 

XL— POSITION. 

1. In all matches (except those for cavalry carbines) the position, 
up to and including 300 yards, shall be standing. The left elbow 
may be rested against the body, provided the little finger of the left 
hand is in front of the trigger-guard. 

2. In all military infantry matches at 400 yards, the position 
shall be kneeling ; at distances above 400 yards any position may 
be taken in which the head is towards the target. 

3. In cavalry-carbine matches, the position at 200 yards shall 
be standing ; at 300 yards, kneeling ; over that distance, in any 
position (as prescribed for infantry). 

4. In all other matches at distances above 300 yards, any posi- 
tion may be taken without artificial rests to the rifle or body. 

5. One-armed competitors shall be allowed to use false arms, 
without extra support, in the standing and kneeling positions, and 
to assume any position in the use of military rifles at distances 
above 400 yards, the same as is allowed for any rifles. 

6. Sighting shots may be fired in any position, without artificial 
rests. 

7. In all cases the gun shall be held clear of the ground. 

Xn.— TIES. 

I. — Ties shall be decided as follows: 

A. — IN INDIVIDUAL SHOOTING. 

1. When the firing takes place at more than one distance, by the 



REGULATIONS OF THE N. R. A. OF AMERICA. 129 

score made at the longest distance ; and if still a tie, and there be 
three distances in the competition, by the score at the second dis- 
tance.* 

2. By the fewest misses. 

3. By the fewest outers. 

4. By the fewest inners. 

5. If still a tie, by inverse order of shots, counting singly from 
the last to the first. 

6. By firing single shots at the longest range. 

B. — IN TEAM SHOOTING. 

1. By the aggregate scores made at the longest distance. 

2. By the fewest misses. 

3. By the fewest outers. 

4. By the fewest inners. 

5. By the competitor on each side who has made the highest 
score, firing five rounds at the longest distance. 

II. — The names of competitors who have to shoot off ties will 
be posted on the Bulletin Board as soon after each match as prac- 
ticable. 

III. — When the ties are shot off, one sigliting shot shall be al- 
lowed without charge, 

IV. — Competitors not present at the firing-points at the hour 
named for shooting off ties lose their right to shoot. 

v.— If, having forfeited their right to compete, they shall still be 
within the number of prize-winners, they shall take any prize that 
may be allotted to them by the Executive Committee. 

XIII.— PRIZES. 
1. Prize-winners will, upon application to the Statistical Officer 

* Interpreted by the Board of Directors, N. R. A., to mean: 
Paragtaph 1, by the total number of points made at tl)e longest 
distance. Paragraphs 2, 3, and 4, by adding "in the entire score." 

9 



130 TBE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

on the Range, receive certificates, which must be given up on re- 
ceiving the prizes. 

2. Prizes will be delivered on the Range at the close of the meet- 
ing, under the direction of the Executive Officer, unless otherwise 
specified. 

3. The principal prizes at the annual Fall meeting will be for- 
mally presented to the winners at the State Arsenal, Seventh Ave- 
nue, corner Thirty-fifth Street, New York, on the Saturday follow- 
ing the last day of such meeting, at 8 P.M., unless otherwise an- 
nounced. Winners who Avill be unable to attend are requested to 
give notice at the Headquarters Oflfice upon the Range. 

4. All prizes not claimed within one month after the match at 
which they have been won shall be forfeited to the Association. 

XIV.— PENALTIES. 
Competitors must make themselves acquainted with the Regula- 
tions, as the plea of ignorance of them will not be entertained. 

DISQUALIFICATION. 

Any competitor — 

(a) — Who shall fire in a name other than his own, or who shall 
fire twice for the same prize, unless permitted by the conditions 
of the competition to do so ; or, 

{b) — Who shall be guilty of any conduct considered by the Board 
of Directors or the Executive Committee as discreditable ; or, 

(c) — Who shall, in National-Guard matches, use any other am- 
munition than that issued to him on the ground, or in any way 
tamper with that so issued ; or, 

(c?)^Who shall be guilty of falsifying his score, or being acces- 
sory thereto ; or, 

(e) — Who shall offer a bribe of any kind to an employe — 

Shall, upon the occurrence being proved to the satisfaction of 
the Board of Directors or the lilxecutive Committee, forfeit all his 
entrance-fees, be forever disqualified from competing at any time 



REGULATIONS OF THE N. R. A. OF AMERICA. 131 

upon the Range of the Association, and shall not be entitled to 
have any prize won by him at the time or meeting awarded to 
him. 

EXCLUSION FROM FURTHER COMPETITION. 

1. Any competitor who shall be detected in an evasion of the 
conditions prescribed for the conduct of any match shall be ruled 
out of such competition. 

2. Any member of a squad or firing-party who shall fire a shot 
from any other firing-point after the hour prescribed for his squad 
to fire, and before he has completed his score (except in pursuance 
of orders), shall be disqualified in that competition. 

3. Any competitor, in any meeting or match, refusing to obey 
any instructions of the Executive Ofiicer or his assistants, or violat- 
ing any of these regulations, or being guilty of unruly or disorderly 
conduct, or being intoxicated, will be immediately ruled out of all 
further competition during such meeting or match, and forfeit his 
entrance-fees ; and may also be reported to the Board of Directors 
or the Executive Committee, and be by them disqualified from use 
of the Eange. 

4. Any competitor firing when the danger-flag or trap-disk is 
shown at the target or firing-point, or knowingly discharging his 
rifle except at a target to which he has been assigned, or into the 
blowing-ofF pits, or as may be directed by an officer, shall be de- 
barred from all further competitions during the meeting, and shall 
forfeit his en<^^rance-fees. This shall not apply to a competitor ac- 
cidentally firing at tlie wrong target when no danger-disk is up. 

5. Any person discharging a rifle or snapping a cap within the 
enclosure, except in accordance with the regulations for shooting, 
may, at the discretion of the Executive Officer, be required to leave 
the ground. 

6. Any competitor or other person found with a loaded rifle, ex- 
cept at the firing-points and when about to shoot, shall be debarred 
from further competition during that meeting or competition. 



132 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

7. Any person, whether a competitor or not, interfering with any 
of the firing-squads, or annoying them in any way, will be at once 
expelled from the ground. 

8. Any competitor discharging his rifle accidentally, either by 
his own want of care or by reason of any defect in the rifle, shall 
be disqualified from further competition in the match. 

9. Should a competitor lose his register-ticket, omit to take it to 
the firing-point, fail to attend at the prescribed hour, or give a 
wrong ticket, and so by his own neglect miss the opportunity given 
to him of competing for the prize for which his ticket was issued, 
his claim in regard to such competition shall be cancelled. 

10. Any person firing at a wrong target will be fined $1, or be 
debarred from further competition ; or both, in the discretion of 
the Executive Ofiicer. 

11. Any competitor, being a member, who shall neglect to wear 
conspicuously his badge of membership in any competition shall 
have his score disallowed. 

12. Any person ruled out of any meeting or competition shall 
forfeit all entrance-fees. 

XVI. 

1. All regulations heretofore adopted, and inconsistent herewith, 
are hereby repealed. 

2. These regulations shall take effect immediately. 

MoTK BY Author. — The above Regulations govern all competi- 
tions at Creedmoor, as well as nearly all Ranges conforming to the 
N. R. A. targets, and will cover all points necessary. One sug- 
gestion, however, is made which will be found to materially aid 
quick progress of matches — viz., to establish a rule that any " com- 
petitor disputing a shot, or the marker's signal, be required to pay 
$1 if his claim is proved groundless." The benefit of such a rule 
will be demonstrated by experience. 



EXTRACT FROM N. R. A: 8 BY-LA WS. I33 

The following, taken from the By-laws of the 
National Rifle Association of America, has been 
inserted here as being of interest to all domestic 
Eifle Associations or Clubs already formed, or in 
process of formation. 

The advantages of having scores made bj the 
various Rifle Organizations throughout the coun- 
try printed in the one book (the National Rifle 
Association Report), where comparisons can be 
readily made, are so apparent to the writer, and, 
he believes, cannot fail to be appreciated by those 
interested, that any fnrther recommendation is 
considered unnecessary. 

EXTRACT FROM THE BY-LAWS OF THE NATIONAL 
RIFLE ASSOCIATION. 

AFFILIATED ASSOCIATIONS AND CLUBS. 

1. Any Rifle Association or Club practising in accordance with 
the rules of this Association may become affiliated with it upon 
payment of twenty-five dollars a year. 

2. The members of all afiiliating associations or clubs shall be 
entitled to all the privileges of annual members of this Association 
at its Spring and Fall Meetings, and to the use of the Range for 
one week previously. Members of affiliating associations or clubs 
which are organized and have their headquarters more than one 
hundred miles from Creedmoor, and who reside where their organ- 
izations are located, shall be entitled to the use of the Range at 
all times during the year for which such organization has affili- 
ated. 

3. Affiliating associations or clubs shall also be entitled : 



134 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

First. — To have the names and addresses of their oflScers for that 
year, and the scores made during the year at its two principal 
matches, to be certified as correct by its Secretary, pnbhshed 
in each annual report of this Association. 

Second.. — To receive the bronze medal of this Association for com- 
petition among its members in such manner as it shall pre- 
scribe. 

Third. — To receive twenty-five copies of its Annual Report, and 
copies of all regulations, programmes, circulars, or other pub- 
lications issued by this Association during the year, without 
charge. 

Fourth. — To refer to the Board of Directors of this Association 
any question in relation to Rifle Practice for their decision. 

4. Applications for affiliation must be accompanied with a check 
for the annual dues, a copy of the Constitution and By-laws of 
flie affiliating society, and a roll of its officers and number of mem- 
bers. 



SCORE TICKET. 



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RTFLE CLUBS IN THE UNITED STATES. I45 

RIFLE CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS IN THE UNITED 
STATES. 

The following list has been carefully compiled in alphabetical 
order, and, though some omissions have unavoidably been made, 
owing to lack of information, it is believed to be as complete, up 
to time of publication (1879), as possible. 

Akron Rifle Association, Akron, Ohio. 

Albion Rifle Club, Albion, N. Y. 

Amateur Long-Range Rifle Club, San Francisco, Cal. 

Amateur Rifle Club, Atlanta, Idaho Ter. 

Amateur Rifle Club, Attleboro', Mass. 

Amateur Rifle Club, Augusta, Ga. 

Amateur Rifle Club, East Saginaw, Mich. 

Amateur Rifle Club, New Britain, Conn. 

Amateur Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. 

Amateur Rifle Club, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Amateur Rifle Club, Stamford, Conn. 

Amateur Rifle Club, Syracuse, N. Y. 

American Oft-hand Rifle Association, New York City, N. Y. 

American Off"-hand Rifle Club, Union Hill, N.J. 

American Rifle Association, Mount Vernon, N. Y. 

American-Union Rifle Association, Meriden, Conn. 

Androscoggin Rifle Club, Lewiston, Me. 

Atlantic Rifle Club, Milwaukee, Wis. 

Augusta Rifle Association, Augusta, Ga. 

Ausable Valley Rifle Club, Keeseville, N. Y. 

Ballard Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. 

Bath Rifle Club, Bath, N. Y. 

Bay View Rifle Association, Buffklo, N. Y. 

Bergen Point Rifle Club, Bergen Point, N. J. 

Berkshire Sportman's Club, Pittsfield, Mass. 

Berlin Rifle Club, Berlin, Conn. 

10 



146 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE, 

Bloomington Rifle Association, Bloomington, 111. 

Blydenburgh Rifle Club, Syracuse, N. Y. 

Boone Rifle Club, Boone, Iowa. 

Bridgeport Rifle Association, Bridgeport, Conn. 

Brocton Rifle Club, Gardner, Mass. 

Boston tlighlands Rifle Club, Boston, Mass. 

Boston Rifle Club, Boston, Mass, 

Brooklyn Rifle Club, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Brooklyn Schiitzencoi'ps, Brooklyn, N.Y. 

Burlington Rifle Club, Burlington, Vt. 

California Rifle Association, San Erancisco, Cal. 

California Schiitzencorps, San Francisco, Cal. 

Capital City Rifle Association, Des Moines, Iowa. 

Carlisle Rifle Association, Carlisle, Pa. 

Centennial Rifle Club, Jersey City Heights, N.J. 

Central Railroad Rifle Club, Jersey City, N. J. 

Chicago Rifle Club, Chicago, 111. 

Cincinnati Amateur Rifle Club, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Cincinnati Sporting Club, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Citizen's Rifle Club, Wallingford, Conn. 

Columbia Rifle Association of D. C, Washington, D. C. 

Columbia Rifle Association, Guttenburgh, N. J. 

Columbia Rifle Association, West End, N.J. 

Columbus Rifle Club, Columbus, Ohio. 

Connecticut Rifle Association, Hartford, Conn. 

Connecticut Rifle Association, Stamford, Conn. 

Continental Rifle Club, New Orleans, La. 

Creedmoor Rifle Club, Creedmoor, L. I. 

Crescent City Rifle Club, New Orleans, La. 

Dayton Schiitzenverein, Dayton, Ohio. 

Dearborn Rifle Club, Chicago, 111. 

Deseret Rifle Club, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Detroit Schiitzenverein, Detroit, Mich. 



RIFLE CLUBS IN THE UNITED STATES, I4.7 

East Coventry Rifle Club, East Coventry, Pa. 

Eastern Shaipshooters' Association, Baltimore, Md. 

Easton Rifle Association, Easton, Pa. 

East Saginaw Amateur Rifle Club, East Saginaw, Mich. 

Elgin Amateur Rifle Club, Elgin, 111. 

Elizabeth Rifle Club, Elizabeth, N. J. 

Emmet Guard Rifle Club, Virginia City, Nev. 

Empire Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. 

Empire State Rifle Association, Syracuse, N. Y. 

Empire State Rifle Club, Watertown, N. Y. 

Ethan Allen Rifle Association, Vergennes, Vt. 

Flushing Rifle Association, Flushing, L, I., N. Y. 

Forest and Stream Rifle Club, Boston, Mass, 

Forest City Rifle Association, Euclid, Ohio. 

Fort Wayne Rifle Association, Fort Wayne, Ind. 

Franklin Rifle Club, Hartford, Conn. 

Fulton Rifle Association, Stockton, Pa. 

Galveston Rifle Club, Galveston, Texas. 

Gardner Rifle Club, Gardner, Mass. 

Garnerville Rifle Club, Garnerville, N. Y. 

G. A. Thomas Post (G. A. R.) Rifle Club, Chicago, lU. 

Geneva Rifle Club, Geneva, N. Y. 

German Fusiieer Rifle Club, Charleston, S. C. 

German Hussars' Rifle Club, Charleston, S. C. 

German Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. 

German Shooting Club, Savannah, Ga. 

German Union Rifle Club, Meriden, Conn. 

Girard Rifle Club, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Glen Alger Rifle Association, Harrisville, Mich. 

Golden Colorado Rifle Club, Beaver Brook, Col. 

Green Bay and Fort Howard Sharpshooters' Union, Green Bay, 

Wis. 
Greenville Rifle Association, Greenville, Mich. 



148 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

Hackensack Rifle Association, Hackensack, N. J. 

Hairisville Rifle Association, Harrisville, Mich. 

Hartford Rifle Club, Hartford, Conn. 

Harvard College Rifle Club, Cambridge, Mass. 

Havre de Grace Rifle Association, Havre de Grace, Md. 

Helena Rifle Club, Helena, Ark. 

Helena Rifle Club, Helena, Montana Ter. 

Hellwig Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. 

Helvetia Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. 

Holyoke Rifle Club, Holyoke, Mass. 

Houston Rifle Club, Houston, Texas. 

Hudson River Rifle Association, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 

Huntsville Rifle Club, Huntsville, Ala. 

Independent Rifle Club, New Haven, Conn. 

Industrial Rifle Club, Jersey City, N. J. 

Institute of Technology Rifle Club, Boston, Mass. 

Irish- American Rifle Club, Boston, Mass. 

Irish-American Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. 

Irish-American Rifle Club, Greenwich, Conn. 

Irish Rifle Club, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Ithaca Rifle Club, Ithaca, N. Y. 

Jackson Rifle Club, Jackson, Mich. 

Jamaica Rod and Rifle Association, Jamaica, L. I., N. Y. 

Jersey Schiitzencorps, Jersey City, N. J. 

Keystone Rifle Club, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Lake View Rifle Club, Chicago, 111. 

Lawrence Rifle Club, Lawrence, Mass. 

Leather-Stocking Rifle Club, Goshen, N. Y. 

Leicester Rifle Club, Leicester, Mass. 

Long-Range Rifle Club, Louisville, Ky. 

Louisiana Field and Artillery Rifle Club, New Orleans, La. 

Macon Rifle Association, Macon, Ga. 

Maine Rifle Club, Portland, Me. 



RIFLE CLUBS IN THE UNITED STATES. 149 

Malone Kifle Club, Malone, N. Y. 

Man Island Rifle Club, Man Island, Cal. 

Marinette Rifle Club, Marinette, Wis. 

Marion Rifle Club, Jersey City, N. J. 

Maryland Rifle Club, Baltimore, Md. 

Massachusetts Rifle Association, Boston, Mass. 

Maynard Rifle Club, Wheeling, West Va. 

McClellan Rifle Chib, Philipsburgh, N. J. 

Medford Amateur Rifle Association, Medford, Mass. 

Middlebury Rifle Club, Middlebury, Vt. 

Middletown Rifle Association, Middletown, Conn. 

Milwaukee Rifle Club, Milwaukee, Wis, 

Mohawk Valley Rifle Association, Utica, N. Y. 

Morrison Rifle Club, Morrison, 111. 

Mount Mansfield Rifle Club, Stowe,Vt. 

Mount Washington Rifle Club, Haverhill, Mass. 

Munroe Rifle Club, Munroe, Mich. 

National Rifle Association of America. 

National Rifle Club, South Vernon, Vt. 

Newark Amateur Rifle Club, Newark, N. J. 

Newark Rifle Club, Wayne Co., N. Y. 

Newark Schiitzen Society, Newark, N. J. 

New Britain Rifle Club, New Britain, Conn. 

Newburgh Rifle Association, Newburgh, N. Y. 

New Haven Rifle Association, New Haven, Conn. 

New Jersey Rifle and Gun Club, Ridgewood, N. J. 

New Jersey Schiitzencorps, Newark, N. J. 

New Jersey State Rifle Association, Elizabeth, N. J. 

New Orleans Rifle Club, New Orleans, La. 

Newtown Rifle Club, Newtown, L. I., N. Y. 

New York Rifle Club, New York City, N, Y. 

New York City Schiitzencorps, New York Cify, N. Y. 

New York Schiitzencorps, New York City, N. Y. 



150 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE, 

New York Stock Exchange Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. 

Norristown Eifle Club, Norristown, Pa. 

North Vallejo Rifle Club, North Vallejo, Cal. 

Northwestern Rifle Association, Milwaukee, Wis. 

Norwich Rifle Club, Norwich, Conn. 

Oakland Amateur Rifle Club, Oakland, Cal. 

Ogdensburgh Rifle Club, Ogdensburgh, N. Y. 

Old Dominion Rifle Association, Richmond, Va. 

Omaha Rifle Club, Omaha, Neb. 

Owl's Head Rifle Club, Bay Ridge, L. I.,N.Y. 

Parthian Rifle Club, Hudson, N. Y. 

Peck's Rifle Club, Chicago, 111. 

Pennsylvania Rifle Club, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Petaluma Rifle Club, Petaluma, Cal. 

Pioneer Rifle Club, Plainfield, N. J. 

Pioneer Rifle Club, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Plainfield Rifle Association, Plainfield, N. J. 

Plattsburgh Rifle Association, Plattsburgh, N. Y. 

Port Henry Rifle Association, Port Henry, N. Y. 

Post 28 G. A.R. Rifle Club, Chicago, 111. 

Potsdam Rifle Association, Potsdam, N. Y. 

Practice Rifle Club, Shakopee, Minn. 

Prospect Hill Rifle Club, Yorkville, N. Y. 

Putnam Rifle and Sporting Club, Putnam, Conn. 

Queens Sportman's Club, Queens, L. I., N. Y. 

Rahway Rifle Club, Rahway, N. J. 

Remington Rifle Association, Carlisle, Pa. 

Remington Rifle Club, Oswego, N. Y. 

Rhinebeck Rifle Club, Rhinebeck, N. Y. 

Rhode Island Amateur Rifle Association, Providence, R. I. 

Rhode Island Amateur Rifle Club, Valley Falls, R. I. 

Richmond Rifle Club, Augusta, Ga. 

Ridgewood Sporting Club, Ridgewood, N. J. 



RIFLE CLUBS IN THE UNITED STATES. 151 

Riverside Rifle Club, Pittsfield, Mass. 

Riverton Rifle Club, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Rochester Amateur Rifle Club, Rochester, N. Y. 

Rochester Rifle Club, Rochester, Minn. 

Rod and Gun Rifle Club, Springfield, Mass. 

Rosedale Rifle Club, Rosedale, Kan. 

Rossmore Rifle Club, Staten Island, N. Y. 

Rutland Rifle Club, Rutland, Vt. 

Sacramento Rifle Club, Sacramento, Cal. 

Salem Rifle Association, Peabody, Mass. 

San Rafael Rifle Club, San Rafael, Cal. 

Santa Rosa Sportsman's Club, Santa Rosa, Cal. 

Saratoga Rifle Club, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

Saugatuck Rifle Club, Saugatuck, Conn. 

Savannah Rifle Association, Savannah, Ga. 

Savannah Schiitzenfest-Gesellschaft, Savannah, Ga. 

Schutzenpark Association, Union Hill, N. J. 

Scottish- American Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. 

Selkirk Rifle Club, South Cayuga, N. Y. 

Seppenfeldt Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. 

Sharpshooters' Union of the United States, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Shrewsbury Rifle Club, Worcester, Mass. 

Singer Rifle Club, Elizabethport, N. J. 

Social Gun and Rifle Club, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Sonoi'a Rifle Club, Sonora, Cal. 

South Cayuga Rifle Club, South Cayuga, N. Y. 

South Orange Amateur Rifle Association, South Orange, N. J. 

South Vallejo Rifle Club, South Vallejo, Cal. 

Sportsman's Club, Taunton, Mass. 

Springfield Amateur Rifle Club, Springfield, Mass. 

St. George and St. Andrew Rifle Club, Wilmington, N. C. 

State German Rifle Association, New Haven, Conn. 

Staten Island Schlitzencorps, Staten Island, N. Y. 



152 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

Syracuse Amateur Rifle Association, Syracuse, N. Y. 
Syracuse Rifle Association, Syracuse, N. Y. 
Tobacco City Rifle Club, Lynchbuigh, Va. 
Tritoner Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. 
Trojan Rifle CUub, Troy, N. Y. 
Tuckee Rifle Club, Tuckee, Nevada Co., Cal. 
University of California Rifle Club, Berkeley, Cal. 
Utah Rifle Association, Salt Lake City, Utah. 
Utica Citizens' Rifle Club, Utica, N. Y. 
Vicksburg Rifle Club, Vicksburg, Miss. 
Vicksburg Schiitzenverein, Vicksburg, Miss. 
Walpole Rifle Association, Walpole, Mass. 
Warren Rifle Club, Warren, 111. 
Waterbury Rifle Club, Waterbury, Conn. 
Watertown Rifle Club, Watertown, N. Y. 
Waverly Rifle Association, Waverly, N. Y. 
Waverly Rifle Club, Sayne, Pa. 
West Philadelphia Rifle Club, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Wheeling Rifle Club, Wheeling, West Va. 
Whitney ville Amateur Rifle Club, New Haven, Conn. 
Wilmington Rifle Club, Wilmington, N. C. 
Woodstock Shooting Club, Woodstock, Vt. 
Worcester Sportsman's Club, Worcester, Mass. 
Yonkers Rifle Association, Yonkers, N. Y. 
Zettler Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. 



FOREIGN RIFLE CLUBS. I53 



FOREIGN RIFLE CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS. 

This list has been much more difficult to compile than that of 
Domestic Clubs, several Rifle Organizations being known to exist 
in France, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, etc., whose headquar- 
ters are unknown to the writer. Those given below may be re- 
ceived without any doubt of their authenticity. 

American Rifle Club, Lima, Peru. 

Auckland Rifle Association, Auckland, New Zealand. 

British Columbia Rifle Association, Victoria, British Columbia, 
North America. 

Calcutta Volunteer Rifle Association, Calcutta, India. 

Cape of Good Hope Rifle Association, Cape Town, South Af- 
rica. 

Cobourg Rifle Association, Cobourg, Canada. 

Deccan Rifle Association, Chudderghaut, Hyderabad, India. 

Demerara Rifle Association, Demerara, West Indies. 

Dominion of Canada Rifle Association, Ottawa, Canada. 

Eastern Province of South Africa Rifle Association, Graham 
Town, South Africa. 

Guelph Rifle Association, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. 

Hong-Kong Rifle Association, Hong-Kong, China. 

Hyderabad Rifle Association, Secunderabad, India. 

Irish Rifle Association, Dublin, Ireland, 

Kaffrarian Rifle Association, Williams Town, South Africa. 

Kimberley Rifle Association, Kimberley, South Africa. 

Mauritius Rifle Association, Port Louis, Mauritius. 

Metropolitan Rifle Association, Ottawa, Canada. 

Miniature Rifle Club, Dublin, Ireland, 

Montreal Rifle Association, Montreal, Canada. 

Natal Coast Rifle Association, Port Natal, South Africa. 

Natal Rifle Association, Petermaritzburg, South Africa. 



154 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

National Rifle Association, London, England. 

National Rifle Club, Edinburgh, Scotland. 

New Brunswick Rifle Association, New Brunswick, Canada. 

New South Wales Rifle Association, Sydney, Australia. 

New Zealand Rifle Association, Wellington, New Zealand. 

Northern India Rifle Association, Simba, India. 

Ontario Rifle Association, Toronto, Canada. 

Otago Rifle Association, Derudin, New Zealand. 

Poona Rifle Association, Poona, India. 

Port Elizabeth Rifle Association, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. 

Prince Edward's Island Rifle Association, Charlottetown, Prince 

Edward's Island. 
Province of Quebec Rifle Association, Montreal, Canada. 
Provincial Rifle Association, Halifax, Nova Scotia. 
Seventh Military District Rifle Association, Hamilton, Canada. 
Shanghai Rifle Association, Shanghai, China. 
Societe Havraise de Tir, Havre, France. 
South Australian Rifle Association, Adelaide, Australia. 
Soutliern India Rifle Association, Bangalore, India. 
Taranaki Rifle Association, New Plynoouth, New Zealand. 
Thames Rifle Association, Thames Gold Fields, New Zealand. 
Ulster Rifle Association, Belfast, Ireland. 
Victoria Rifle Association, Melbourne, Australia. 
Victorian Rifle Association, Montreal, Canada. 
Wanganui Rifle Association. Wanganui, New Zealand. 
West of Scotland Rifle Association, Glasgow, Scotland. 
Yokohama Rifle Association, Yokohama, Japan. 



RIFLE RECORD. 155 



EIFLE EECORD 

OP TEAM AND INDIVIDUAL MATCHES AND SCORES IN 
EUROPE AND AMERICA. 



INTERNATIONAL LONG-RANGE MATCHES. 
IS74-. 

IRELAND versus AMERICA. 

Shot at Creedmoor, September 16, 1874. 

(The first International Rifle Team Contest ever shot in America.) 

Between teams of six men each representing Ireland and Amer- 
ica. Distances, 800, 900, and 1 000 yards. Fifteen shots at each 
distance. Irish Team used Rigby rifles. American Team all 
shot with American breech-loaders. 

Shot at the old sl^uare buirs-eye targets. 

Highest possible Team total, 1080 points. 

Captain of the American Team, Colonel George W. Wingate. 

Captain of the Irish Team, Major Arthur B. Leech. 

American Team: Irish Team: 

934 points. 931 points. . 

American Majority, 3 points. 



18-75. 
IRELAND versHS AMERICA. 
Shot at Dollymount, Ireland, June 29, 1875. 
Return match between teams of six men each representing Ire- 
land and America. Distances, 800, 900, and 1000 yards. Fifteen 
shots at each distance. Irish Team used Rigby rifles. The Amer- 
ican Team all shot with American breech-loaders. 



156 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

Shot at the old square bull's-eye targets. 

Highest possible Team total, 1080 points. 

Captain of American Team, Colonel Henry A. Gildersleeve. 

Captain of Irish Team, Major Arthur B. Leech. 

American Team : Irish Team : 

968 points. 929' points. 

American Majority, 39 points. 



CANADA versus THE UNITED STATES. 

Shot at Creedmoor, September 25, 1875, 
under the auspices of the Amateur Rifle Club of New York City. 

Teams of eight men each. Distances, 800, 900, and 1000 yards. 
Fifteen shots at each distance. 

Captain of American Team, Major-General T. S. Dakin. 

Captain of Canadian Team, Captain C. R. Murray. 

American Team: Canadian Team: 

1409 points. 1384 points. 

American Majority, 25 points. 



1876. 
THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL LONG-RANGE MATCH 

FOR THE 

AMERICAN CENTENNIAL TROPHY "PALMA" 

AND THE 

CHAMPIONSHIP OF THE WORLD. 

First competition was shot at Creedmoor, Wednesday and Thurs- 
day, September 13 and 14, 1876. 

Between teams of eight men, each representing Scotland, Ireland, 
Australia, Canada, and America. Distances, 800, 900, and 1000 
yards. Fifteen shots at each distance upon each day. 



AMERICAN CENTENNIAL TROPHY. I57 




The American Oentennial Trophy "Palma.' 



158 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE, 

Highest possible team score each day, 1800 points, both days = 
3600 points. 

Captain of American Team, Majoi- Henry Fulton. 
Captain of Irish Team, Major Arthur B, Leech. 
Captain of Scotch Team, Lieut.-Col. J. H. A. Macdonald. 
Captain of Australian Team, Captain A. Blannin. 
Captain of Canadian Team, Major J. E. O'Eeilly. 

American Team: Irish Team: Scotch Team; 

First day, 1577 points. 1582 points. 1586 points. 

Second day, 1549 " 1522 " 1477 " 



Total, 3126 " 3104 " 3063 " 

Australian Team: Canadian Team: 

First day, 1545 points. 1490 points. 

Second dav, 1517 " 1433 " 



Total, 3062 " 2923 " 

American Majority over Ireland, 22 points. 
" " " Scotland, 63 " 

" " " Australia, 64 " 

" " " Canada, 203 " 



IRELAND yersus AMERICA. 
Shot at Creedmoor, September 21, 1876, 

under the auspices of the Amateur Rifle Club of New York City. 
Teams of six men each. Distances, 800, 900, and 1000 yards. 
Fifteen shots at each distance. 

American Team: Irish Team: 

1165 points. 1154 points. 

American Majority, 11 points. 



RIFLE RECORD. 1^59 

IS77. 
THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL LONG-RANGE MATCH 

FOR THE 

AMERICAN CENTENNIAL TROPHY " PALMA " 

AND THE 

CHAMPIONSHIP OF THE WORLD. 

Second competition shot at Creedmoor on Thursday and Friday, 
-September 13 and 14, 1877, between teams of eight men each, rep- 
resenting Great Britain and Ireland and America. Conditions 
same as first competition in 1876. 

Captain of American Team, Major-General Thomas S. Dakin. 
Captain of British Team. Sir Henry J. Halford, Bart. 

American Team : British Team : 

First day, 1655 points. 1629 points. 

Second day, 1679 " 1613 " 

Total, 3334 " 3242 '* 

American Majority, 92 points. 



CANADA versus THE UNITED STATES. 

Shot at Toronto, Canada, September 3, 1877. 
Teams of six men each, representing respectively the Amateur 
Rifle Club of New York City and the Victoria Rifle Club of Hamil- 
ton, Ontario, Canada. Distances, 800, 900, and 1000 yards. Fif- 
teen shots at each distance. 

Captain of American Team, Lieut. -Col. E. Harrison Sanford. 

Captain of Canadian Team, Lieut. -Col. J. M. Gibson. 

American Team : Canadian Team : 

1083 points. 1061 points. 

American Majority, 22 points. 



160 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



ISTS- 

THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL LONG-RANGE MATCH 

FOU THE 

AMERICAN CENTENNIAL TROPHY "PALMA" 

AND THE 

CHAMPIONSHIP OF THE WORLD. 

Third competition shot at Creedmoor, Wednesday and Thurs- 
day, September 25 and 26, 1878. 

Captain of Team, Captain William H. Jackson. 

American Team. 

(No other Competitors.) 

First day, 1660 points. 

Second day, 1576 " 

Aggregate, 3236 " with 17 shots to fire. 



THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL MILITARY MATCH. 

For a trophy presented by Honorable Henry Hilton, of New 
York, valued at $3000. Shot at Creedmoor during the Fall 
Meeting of the N. R. A., September, 1878. 

Open to teams of twelve men from each of the three Military 
Divisions of the United States Army. One team from the United 
States Navy. One team representing the National Guard, or 
Uniformed Militia, from each State and Territory in the United 
States. One team each from the Regular Army, the Militia, the 
Volunteers and the Navy of all Coimtries, Provinces of Great 
Britain, and Provinces of Canada. 

At the above competition teams entered representing respective- 
ly the Military Divisions of the Atlantic, Missouri, and Pacific, 



INTERNATIONAL MILITARY PRIZE. Igj 




The "HHton Trophy," International Military Prize 
11 



162 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

United States Army (tlie latter arriving too late to compete), and 
the States of Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York. 

Distances, 200, 500, and 600 yards. Seven shots at each dis- 
tance each man. Weapon, any military rifle that has been adopted 
as an- official arm by any State or Government. 



200 yds. 

State of New York 345 

State of Connecticut 345 

Mil. Div. of the Atlantic, U. S. A.. 312 

State of New Jersey 328 

Mil. Div. of the Missouri, U. S. A. . 303 



Scores. 






500 yds. 


600 yds. 


Aggt. 


370 


329 


1044 


331 


227 


903 


311 


239 


862 


301 


232 


861 


276 


224 


803 



INTER-STATE MILITARY MATCHES. 

Prize. — A Bronze Trophy, "The Soldier of Marathon." 
Open to teams of twelve men each, representing the National 
Guard and Uniformed Militia of any State and Territory in the 
United States. 

1875. 
First Match shot at Creedjioor, October 1, 1875. 

200 and 400 yards. Ten shots at each distance. 

200 yds. 400 yds. Aggt. 

■ State of New York, score 446 418 864 

State of Connecticut, " 375 308 683 

IS76. 

Shot at Creedmoor, September 20, 1876. 

200 and 500 yards. Other conditions same as first match. 

200 yds, 500 yds. Aggt. 

State of Connecticut, score 443 386 829 

State of New York, " 434 382 816 



INTER-STATE MILITARY PRIZE. 



163 




164 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

IS77. 

Shot at Creedmooe, September 12, 1877. 
Conditions as in 1876. 

200 yds. 

State- of California, score 499 

State of Connecticut, " 505 

State of New York, " 480 

State of New Jerse}^, " 411 

IS7S. 

Shot at Ckeedmoor, September 19, 1878. 

Conditions as in 1877. 

200 yds. 

State of New York, score 483 

State of Connecticut, " 476 

State of New Jersey, ' ' 455 

State of Rhode Island, " 461 

State of Massachusetts, " 387 



500 yds. 


Aggt 


496 


995 


466 


971 


487 


967 


333 


744 



00 yds. 


Aggt 


491 


974 


430 


906 


409 


864 


392 


853 


335 


722 



INTER- STATE LONG-RANGE MATCHES. 
For a Trophy to be Shot for Annually. 
Teams of four from all Rifle Clubs and Associations in any State 
or Territory of the United States tliat have affiliated with the Na- 
tional Rifle Association previous to the match. Distances, 800, 
900, and 1000 yards. Fifteen shots at each distance. Any rifle. 

1877. 



Amateur Rifle Club of N. Y 825 po: 

Massachusetts Rifle Association 786 

Parthian Rifle Club of N. Y 780 

Crescent City Rifle Club of La 754 

Hackensack Rifle Association of N. J 752 

Columbia Rifle Association of D. C 736 



nts. 



RIFLE RECORD. Igg 

IS7S, 
(Conditions as above.) 

Massachusetts Rifle Association 845 points. 

Amateur Rifle Club of N. Y 886 " 

Columbia Rifle Association of D. C. 737 " 



- INDIVIDUAL LONG-RANGE MATCHES. 

INDIVIDUAL LONG-RANGE CHAMPIONSHIP OF THE 
UNITED STATES. 

First Match for the "LEECH CUP" and Championship Gold 
Badge. Open to all native-born citizens of the United States, and 
all resident members of the Amateur Rifle Club of New York, re- 
gardless of nationality. Distances, 800, 900, and 1000 yards. Fif- 
teen shots at each distance. Any rifle. 

1875.— Won by Colonel John Bodine. 

800 yds. 900 yds. 1000 yds. Aggt. 
Score 65 69 71 205 

1876.— Won by Colonel H. A. Gildersleeve. 

800 yds. 900 yds. 1000 yds. Aggt. 
Score 68 71 75 214 

1877.— Won by Major H. S. Jewell. 

800 yds. 900 yds. 1000 yds. Aggt. 
Score 71 69 7S 213 

1878.— Won by Frank Hyde. 

SOOyds. 900 yds. 1000 yds. Aggt. 
Score 69 67 69 205 



166 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

COMPETITIONS FOR IHE "WIMBLEDON CUP." 

Shot for annually during tlie Fall Meeting of the N. R. A. 
Open to all citizens and residents of the United States. Distance, 
1000 yards. Thirty shots. Any rifle, 

1875 (at Wimbledon). Won by Mnjor Henry Fulton ; score, 133. 

1876 (at Creedmoor). Won by Isaac L. Allen ; score, 139. 

1877 (at Creedmoor). Won by Dudley Selph ; score, 137. 

1878 (at Creedmoor). Won by Frank Hyde; score, 143. 



CHAMPION'S MATCH. 

Open to all comers. Any rifle. Distances, 200,600, and 1000 
yards. Ten shots at each distance. 

Grand N. R. A. Gold Medal, first prize. 
Grand N. R. A. Silver Medal, second prize. 
Grand N. R. A. Bronze Medal, third prize. 

200 600 1000 . . 
yds. yds. yds. -^so^* 

1875.— 1st prize. Major Henry Fulton, score. . 42 42 47 131 

2d " James Mason (of 

Canadian Team), " . . 37 46 43 126 

3d " Capt.R. C.Coleman, " . . 45 47 31 123 

1876. — 1st prize. Lieutenant - Colonel 

E. H. Sanford, score. . 42 47 44 133 
2d " Peter Rae (of Scotch 

Team), " . . 42 41 46 129 

3d " J.K.Millner(ofIrish 

Team), " . . 37 49 43 129 



RIFLE RECORD. 1^7 



1877.- 


-1st prize. 


yds. 
Major Henry Fulton, score. 47 


ouu 
yds. 
49 


lUUU 

yds. 
48 


Aggt. 
139 




2d " 


I.L.Allen, " .. 44 


49 


42 


135 




3d " 


General T. S. Dakin, " .. 42 


48 


44 


134 


1878.- 


— 1 St prize. 


W, Milton Farrow, score. . 46 


47 


46 


139 




2d " 


I.L.Allen, " .. 42 


45 


49 


136 




3d " 


Colonel H. F. Clark, " .. 40 


50 


45 


135 



MATCH FOR THE MILITARY CHAMPIONSHIP OF THE 
UNITED STATES. 

First Stage. 
Open to members of the Army and Navy of the United States 
or National Guard of any State. Distances, 200, 500, and 600 
yards. Seven shots at each distance. Weapon, the military arm 
used by the organization of which competitor is a member. 

Winner of Firet Prize in First Stage. 

200 500 600 . , 
■ yds. yds. yds. -^sf '• 

Pvt. C. H.Eagle, 7th Regt. N. G.S.N. Y., score. .29 29 29 87 

Second Stage. 
Open to highest sixty in the first stage. Distances, 800, 900, 
and 1000 yards. Seven shots at each distance. Special military 
rifles. First prize, the " Gold Champion's Medal," and the "Mil- 
itary Championship of the United States" for one year. 

Winner. 

Captain J. S. Barton, 48th Regt. N. G. S. N. Y. 

(Score in First Stage.) (Score in Second Stage.) 

200 yds. 500 yds. 600 yds. Aggt. 800 yds. 900 yds. 1000 yds. Aggt. 

30 20 30 80 31 28 18 77 



168 TEE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 




The " Military Championsliip of the United States ' 
Gold Medal. 



RIFLE RECORD. \Q^ 



SHORT-RANGE MATCHES. 



"JUDD" MATCHES 

of Fall Meetings of the N. R. A. at Creedmoor. Distance, 200 
yards." Five shots. Any military rifle. 

Winners of First Prizes. 

1873. — W. Robertson, score , IG points (old target). 

1874.— Capt. H.B.Smith, " (seven shots) 23 " 
1875.— J. Mason, " " 30 " 

1876.--F. J.Fulgraff, " " 34 " 

1877.— E.W.Whitlock, " " 33 " 

1878.— B.McSoley, " " 33 " 



"SHORT-RANGE" MATCHES 

of Fall Meetings of the N. R. A. at Creedmoor. Distance, 200 
yards. Five shots. Any rifle. 

Winners of First Prizes. 

1873. — O. Schneeloch, score IG points (old target). 

1874.— Joseph Turner, " (seven shots) 27 " " 

1875.— Thos.R. Murphy, " " 32 " 

1876.— H.F.Clark, " " 30 " 

1877.— Edward Sqnier, " " .33 " 

1878.— D.C.Millis, " '' 32 " 



170 



THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



SHORT-RANGE TEAM MATCH OF 1877. 

Shot at Creedmoor during Fall Meeting of that year. Teams 
of five men, from Rifle Clubs and Military Organizations. Any rifle 
or carbine. Distances, 200 and 300 yards. Seven shots each dis- 
tance. 



There were twenty teams in this match, the scores made being 
as follows : 



1st Team, score 145 

2d " 

8d " 

4th " 

,5th " 

6th " 

7th " 

8th " 

9th " 

10th " 

11th " 

12th '• 

13th " 

14th " 

15th " 

16th " 

17th " 

18th " 

19th " 

20th " 



00 yds. 


300 yds. 


Aggt. 


145 


127 


272 


143 


123 


266 


140 


123 


263 


144 


119 


263 


133 


127 


260 


138 


120 


258 


141 


115 


256 


140 


114 


254 


127 


126 


253 


136 


112 


248 


128 • 


119 


247 


135 


107 


242 


121 


120 


241 


128 


113 


241 


130 


108 


238 


128 


105 


233 


129 


101 


230 


126 


99 


225 


122 


100 


222 


117 


76 


193 



RIFLE RECORD. \^\ 



SHORT-RANGE TEAM MATCH OF 1878. 

Shot at Creedmoor during Fall Meeting of that year. Teams 
oifour from Rifle Clubs and Military Organizations. Distances, 
200 and 300 yards. Seven shots at each distance. Any rifle or 
carbine. 

There were sixteen teams in this match, the scores made being 
as follows : 

200 yds. 300 yds, Aggt. 

1st Team, score 119 108 227 

2d ■' " 116 108 224 

3d '• •' 119 105 221 

4th " " 118 102 220 

5th '^ " 113 104 217 

6th '• " 110 106 216 

7th " ''• HI 100 211 

8th " " 102 108 210 

9th " " 114 95 209 

10th " " 110 98 208 

11th " '• 109 95 204 

12th '• '• Ill 85 196 

13th " " 103 91 194 

14th '^ " 104 88 192 

15th " " ..109 82 191 

16th " " 99 84 183 



172 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



TIME MATCHES. 

Five competitions shot at Creedmoor in 1876. Distance, 200 
yards. Third-class target. Any rifle (magazine guns used as 
single-loaders). As many shots as possible to be fired within 30 
seconds, and competitors to have two chances : the aggregate score 
of both rounds to be counted. 

1st Competition. — 1st chance: the winner fired 8 shots and 

made 5 hits, scoring 18 points. 2d chance: the winner fired 

8 shots and made 7 hits, scoring 19 points. Total, 37 points. 

2d Competition. — 1st chance : the winner fired 6 shots and made 

4 hits, scoring 14 points. 2d chance: the winner fired 5 shots 

and made 5 hits, scoring 20 points. Total, S-t points. 

3d Competition. — 1 st chance : the winner fired 9 shots and made 

8 hits, scoring 25 points. 2d chance : the winner fired 9 shots 

and made 8 hits, scoring 27 points. Total, 52 points. 

'IrTH Competition. — 1st chance: the winner fired 11 shots and 

made 9 hits, scoring 33 points. 2d chance: the winner fired 

14 shots and made 13 hits, scoring 40 points. Total, 73 points. 

5th Competition. — 1st cliance: the winner fired 14 shots and 

made 9 liits, scoring 24 points. 2d chance: the winner fired 

14 shots and made 11 hits, scoring 39 points. Total, 63 points. 



"TRAMP" MATCH. 

Shot at Creedmoor during Fall Meeting of the N. R. A. of 1878. 
Teams of four men. Distance, 100 yards. Military rifles. 

I. — As many shots as possible by file firing within one minute. 

n. — Five volleys fired according to the tactics. 

Target. — The figure of a Tramp (working as explained on 
page 50), having a 3-incIi "Bull's-eye," 8-inch "Centre;" above 
the hips, "Inner;" remainder of figure, "Outer." 



RIFLE RECORD. 173 

The winning team made an aggregate of 44 hits, scoring 135 
points. 

The second team made 47 hits, scoring 129 points. 



SOLDIERS' MATCH. 



Five competitions shot at Creedmoor in 1878. Teams of eight. 
Military rifles. Distance, 200 3'ards. Third-class targets (wood 
covered with paper). 

I. — Eiring by file. Time not to exceed two minutes from com- 
mand, "Commence firing." 

II.- — Firing by volley. Five volleys for each team. Hits on 
target ascertained by counting the bullet-holes. A separate paper 
target for each team. 

1st Match. — File firing : winning team made 31 hits, scoring 101 

points. Volley firing : winning team made 30 hits, scoring 89 

points. Total, 190 points. 
2d Match. — File firing: winning team made 30 hits, scoring 88 

points. Volley firing : winning team made 27 hits, scoring 89 

points. Total, 177 points. 
3d Match. — File firing : winning team made 37 hits, scoring 124 

points. Volley firing: winning team made 30 hits, scoring 100 

points. Total, 224 points. 
4th Match. — File firing: winning team made 40 hits, scoring 

136 points. Volley firing: winning team made 35 hits, scoring 

102 points. Total, 238 points. 
5th Match. — File firing : winning team made 38 hits, scoring 129 

points. Volley firing : winning team made 33 hits, scoring 104 

points. Total, 233 points. 



;174 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE, 

AGGREGATE PRIZES. 

Winners of prizes offered for highest aggregate score in the fol- 
lowing matches of Fall Meetings of the N. R. A. at Creedmoor, 

1875. 

E. H. SANFORD. 

Total. 

Match X. 500 yards. 7 shots. Military rifle 30 

" VI. 200 and 500 yards. 5 shots each yds, yds. 

distance. Military rifle 21 20 41 

" IV. 200 and 500 yards. 5 shots each 

distance. Military rifle 20 24 44 

Aggt. 1 1 5 

FRANK HYDE. 

Total. 

Match III. 200 yards. 7 shots. Creedmoor rifle 28 

" XII. 500 and 600 yards. 7 shots each yds. yds. 

distance. Creedmoor rifle. . . 32 30 G2 

" XIV. 800 and 1000 yards. 10 shots yds. ydS 

each distance. Creedmoor rifle 43 42 85 
Aggt. 175 



1876. 
W. H. DEWAR. 

Match IV. 500 yards. 7 shots. Military rifle. 



Total. 
;^9 



VII, 200 and 500 yards. 5 shots each yds. yds. 

distance. Military rifle 20 21 41 

IX. 200 and 500 yards. 5 shots each 

distance. Military rifle 17 21 38 

Aggt. HI 



RIFLE RECORD. 175 



E. H. SANFOBD. 

Total. 
Match II. 200 yards. 7 shots. Sporting rifle 25 

*' V. 200, 600, and 1000 yards. 10 

' , ,. ^ , 200 600 1000 

shots each distance. Creed- yds. yds. yds. 

moorrifle 42 47 44 133 

" XII. 800 and 1000 yards. 10 shots 

, ,. ^ , 800 1000 

each distance. Cieedmoor yds. yds. 

rifle 48 49 _97 

Aggt. 255 



1S77. 

JOHN KENWOOD. 

Total. 

Match V. 500 yards. 7 shots. Military rifle 30 

" VI. 200 and 500 yards. 5 shots each yds. yds. 

distance. Military rifle 20 18 38 

" IX. 200 and 500 yards. 5 shots each 

distance. Military rifle 20 23 43 

Aggt. Ill 

FRANK HYDE. 

Total. 

Match II. 200 yards. 7 shots. Sporting rifle 26 

" III. 200, 600, and 1000 yards. 10 yds. yds. S 

shots each distance 41 48 37 126 

*' XIII. 1000 yards. 30 shots. Cieedmoor rifle 135 

Aggt. 287 



176 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 

IS7S, 
JOHN CORRT. ^^^^^j 

Match-IX. 500 yards. 7 shots. Military rifle 30 

200 500 

" XL 200 and 500 yards. 5 shots each yds. yds. 

distance. Military rifle 17 22 39 

" XIII. 200 and 500 yards. 5 shots each 

distance. Military rifle 31 18 39 

Aggt. M 
FRANK HYDE. ^^^^, 

Match II. 200 yards. 7 shot? 26 

200 600 1000 
" V. 200, 600, and 1000 yards. 10 yds. yds. yds. 

shots each distance 37 49 45 131 

" XXVI. 1000 yards. 30 shots 143 

Aggt. 300 



FOREIGN MATCHES. 

COMPETITIONS FOR THE 

ELCHO CHALLENGE SHIELD. 

Since 1870. Shot annually at Wimbledon, England. Teams of 
eight, representing respectively England, Scotland, and Ireland. 
Distances, 800, 900, and 1000 yards. Fifteen shots at each dis- 
tance. Any rifles. 

(Old targets. Highest possible team aggregate, 1440 points.) 

SOO yds. SOO yds. 1000 yds. Aggt. 

1870.— England, score 420 387 359 1166 

Ireland, " .... 392 359 353 1104 

Scotland, " .... 387 359 357 1103 



FOREIGN RIFLE RECORD. 



177 







800 yds. 


900 yds. 


1000 yds. 


Aggt. 


1871. 


—England, score . 


.. 403 


420 


381 


1204 




Ireland, " . 


.. 400 


410 


370 


1180 




Scotland, " .. 


.. 379 


410 


361 


1150 


1872. 


—England, " . 


.. 407 


421 


355 


1183 




Scotland, " . 


.. 416 


392 


364 


1172 




Ireland, ' ' . 


.. 31)4 


405 


353 


1152 


1873. 


—Ireland, " . 


.. 426 


379 


390 


1195 




England, ' ' 


.. 418 


377 


380 


1175 




Scotland, ' ' . 


.. 405 


371 


352 


1128 



(New targets. Highest possible team aggregate, 1800 points.) 







800 yds. 


900 yds. 


1000 yds. 


Aggt. 


1874. 


— Scotland, score 


.... 504 


488 


445 


1437 




England, " 


... 483 


462 


460 


1405 




Ireland, " 


... 465 


473 


440 


1378 


1875. 


—Ireland, " 


.... 502 


527 


■ 477 


1506 




Scotland, " 


.... 498 


511 


494 


1503 




England, " 


... 515 


504 


483 


1502 


1876. 


— England, " 


... 489 


490 


484 


1463 




Scotland, " 


... .504 


503 


451 


1458 




Ireland, '' 


... 479 


449 


454 


1382 


1877. 


—Ireland, " 


... 543 


517 


508 


1568 




England, " 


... 513 


478 


473 


1464 




Scotland, " 


... 530 


470 


439 


1439 


1878. 


—Ireland, " . 


.. 540 


535 


535 


1610 




England, " 


... 534 


521 


505 


1560 




Scotland, '• 


. . . .532 
12 


523 


497 


1552 



178 



THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 



THE QUEEN'S PRIZE. 

Matches, since 1874, shot for annually at Wimbledon. Eirst 
Stage, 200, 500, and 600 yards. SeA^en shots at each distance. 
Government rifle. Highest possible aggregate score, 105 points. 
— Second Stage, 800, 900, and 1000 yards. Seven shots each 
distance. Government rifle. 



2d " 


" Pvt. Atkinson, ' 


' 28 


23 


13 


64 


1875.— 












1st " 


"• "Pvt. TnnPQ ' 








90 


2d " 


" Capt. Pearse, ' 


' 30 


28 


15 


73 


1876.— 












1st " 
2d " 


" Pvt. Burgess, ' 
" Sgt. Pullman, ' 








86 


' 23 


28 


23 


74 


1877.— 












1st " 
2d " 


" Corpl. Betts, ' 
" Pvt. Jamieson, ' 








92 


' 22 


23 


25 


70 


1878.— 












1st " 
2d " 


'* T^vf T.ntvp ' 








95 


" Pvt. Rae, 


' 30 


23 


25 


78 



THE END. 



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